PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN SOKORU WOREDA, JIMMA ZONE, OROMIA REGION, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA
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2006-06
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Abstract
Tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis is a serious constraint in animal production and Agricultural development in Ethiopia. The vast area adjacent to the Ghibe valley in South West Ethiopia is tsetse infested where animal trypanosomosis is a serious threat to livestock economic development. The objectives of the study were to investigate the prevalence and magnitude of bovine trypanosomosis in representative and selected villages of Sokoru Woreda, to asses and analyze the efficacy of trypanocidals in use, to determine the extent of the disease based on the study findings to point out and search for the possible, sustainable and effective control options of tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis. The study was conducted from September 2005 to February 2006. The study methodology was based on questionnaire survey, seasonal cross sectional studies and longitudinal study for trypanocidals drug efficacy in villages of Abelty and Tiroshashama. The result of the questionnaire survey revealed that all the interviewees agreed that trypanosomosis was the most important and major problematic disease in their area. Cross sectional study was done on 515 selected cattle. Animals were examined using a buffy coat technique (BCT). A total of 64 monoconical traps were deployed along suspected tsetse habitat in the range of 1,392-1,629 meters above sea level. And entomological survey revealed that Glossina m. submorsitans was the highly prevalent tsetse fly species followed by Glossina pallidipes and with several Stomoxys spp. The apparent fly density tsetse was relatively higher in late rainy season (0.194 flies/ trap /day) at Abelty in late rainy season and none in dry season respectively where as in Tiroshashama village the fly catch was 0.028 fly / trap / day in late rainy and 0.017 fly /trap/ day of G.m. submorsitans and 0 .017 G. pallidipes was caught in dry season . The fly catch was declined may be because of the high temperature of the dry season, low humidity and bush fire which occurred few weeks before the study period, and such condition may damage the suitable tsetse habitat and also inavailability of favorable hosts in the area, forced the flies to evacuate to the extreme low land areas towards the river basins. Nevertheless high catches of Stomoxys 10 flies /trap / day in late rainy season at Abelty and none flies of Stomoxys /trap /day in dry season at Abelty . Thirteen flies of Stomoxys /trap /day in late rainy season 20 flies of Stomoxys /trap /day in dry season at Tiroshashama village were caught. In the parasitological survey a total of 515 animals out of which 180 cattle in late rainy season 335 cattle in dry season were examined with buffy coat technique and the result showed the prevalence of trypanosomosis was highest in dry season 8.36% , the lowest 7.22 % in late
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rainy season was observed. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was noticed between the mean PCV values in parasitaemic (95% CI 21.24, 23.59) aparasitaemic (95% CI 23.93, 24.73) cattle.
Abelty and Tiroshashama villages were selected for Isometamidium chloride block treatment study .A total of 100 animals 50 from each of the villages identified and the selected animals in each village were grouped into 25 treatment and 25 control groups and they were identified with ear tags to allow easy access during field visits. Fourteen days prior the Isometamidium chloride treatment study all the 100 cattle were treated with Diminazene aceturate at a dose rate of 7mg /kg bw. Both groups of cattle were treated after 2 weeks (day 0). The treatment groups were given Isometamidium chloride at a dose rate of 1mg/kg bw. Both groups of cattle were examined for trypanosome parasite using buffy coat technique every 14 days interval until 84 days. The result of the total of 22.67% recurrent parrasitaemia of T. congolense infection and 35.29% T. vivax infection with 56 day after the treatment indicateed a better protection of Isometamidium chloride remain a choice of priority drug which could be used for prophylaxis of animal trypanosomes to protect cattle against trypanosomosis at Abelty and Tiroshashama villages and other risk areas of Sokoru Woreda. And the out put of the findings of the efficacy Diminazen aceturate revealed that the use of the drug was still curative and effective at both study villages.
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bovine trypanosomosis, prevalence, tsetse fly