Bacteriological Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance and Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis among Patients at St.Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2021-09
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Neonatal septicemia is the presence of clinically associated bacteria or fungi in theblood of neonate’s .It causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in developingcountry.
Objectives: The study was designed to assess the bacteriological profile, antimicrobial resistanceand outcome of neonatal sepsis at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College.
Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study design was conducted at St. Paul’s HospitalMillennium Medical College from March 2020 to July 2020 G.C. Socio-demographic and clinical data was collected from each patient. 1-2ml of blood was drawn aseptically andinoculated at bedside on Trypto Soya Broth. Gram stain was performed and subcluturing wasdone every other day on blood agar, chocolate agar and Mac Conkey agar plates. For speciesidentification, colony characteristics and biochemical tests are used if the culture is positive. Allthe isolates was tested for susceptibility test by using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method.Outcome of neonates was assessed using checklists. Data was encoded in to Microsoft Excel andanalyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software.
Results: Among 400 study populations, 84(21%) showed bacterial growth, 67 (79.8%) gramnegative and 17 (20.23%) gram positive bacteria. Commonly isolated organisms were Klebsiellaspp 37 (44%), E. coli 19 (21.6%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococci 13 (15.47%) were theleading causes of neonatal sepsis in our study. Antibiotic resistance was found in both Grampositive and Gram negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin were the most effectiveantibiotic for gram negative bacteria while for gram positive bacteria Vancomycin, Clindamycinand Ciprofloxacin were effective drugs.
Conclusion: Bacterial isolates were not giving response to first and second line antimicrobialsthat are utilized for the treatment of sepsis in babies who are in the first month of life. Antibioticsin the third line are moderately successful against isolated bacteria. High utilization rate ofantibiotics is the most important contributory factor for the development of AMR and continuoussurveillance is needed in order to keep national guidelines on antimicrobial therapy updated.
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Keywords
Septicemia, Bacteriological profile, Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, Blood culture