Retrospective study of clinical profile of patients with hypertensive crises in Addis Ababa university Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital
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Date
2020-09
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
1.1Background
Hypertension is an Increasing public health problem in many developing countries IncludinEthiopia. The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment oHigh Blood Pressure Reported that chronic hypertension is affecting over one billion Individualworld wide
If hypertension is not controlled, it may lead to hypertensive crises, consisting of hypertensiveUrgencies with no End organ damage or hypertensive Emergencies with End organ damage.
The incidence of conditions such as strokes,Myocardial infarction left ventricular
failure,Aorticdissection,pulmonary Edema or chronic kidney disease is correlated with the leveof high BP.
The aim of this study is to Asses the clinical profile of patients with hypertensive crises in TASHadult ED.(1)
Evidences and observational studies in Ethiopia estimated,the prevalence of hypertension is 2030%. In Addis ababa 2 population based studies conducted and showed prevalence of 30.3 &
25% respectively. Population based studies in northern part of Ethiopia also revealed a
prevalence of 28.3 &27.9%,while the prevalence is 7.7% in one inistitutional based study in
Gonder.
2 Methodology
Retrospective Cross Sectional study was conducted from Jan 2019 to December 2019. The
study period was Jan 2020- December 2020. subjects included are Adults 13 years and above
presenting to Emergency department with hypertensive crises,Collectedusing structured
questionnaires,to document Demographic information, clinical presentation and management
outcome. Data was Cleaned, Edited, and analyzed using SPSS statistical software.
3 RESULT OF THE STUDY
Among a total of 626 patients who was screened for Hypertensive crises From Data registry,
In the Emergency unit of Addis Ababa University TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital In the Study
period January2019 to December 2019 , 212 patients met the criteria for hypertensive crises.
Of these, 109 (51.41%) had Hypertensive urgency and 103(48.58%) had Hypertensive
Emergency. Out of 103 hypertensive Emergency patients, 37.86% were discharged from ED,
29.1% ward Admission, 18.4% ICU admissions,11.65% were ED Death, 2.9% were transferred
out. And when compared to hypertensive urgency patients with hypertensive emergency are
associated with poor out come. Hypertensive Emergency had Significant association with
predominant patients complain like Decreased urine out put, chest pain, and Higher Diastolic Bp
and patients clinical presentation like Extremity weakness ,Change in mentation (p - <0.01).
since this study revealed that majority of patients with hypertensive crises present with
complaint of headache, extremity weakness or other non specific complains, it is mandatory to
take blood pressure and evaluate for possible hypertensive crises for patients presenting to ED
with any complain.
Similar to most other studies, patients with hypertensive Emergency in this study are
associated with poor outcome when compared to hypertensive urgency. so this study
recommend the importance of early detection, proper follow up to arrest further progression
of patients with hypertension.
4 Dissemination of results
Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Ministry of Education, Addis Ababa University and other
responsible stakeholders and policy makers will be communicated about the results and
recommendations of this research. Results will be disseminated throughout the scientific
community after publication.
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Keywords
Hypertension,patients,Addis Ababa university ,Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital