Prevalence of Group B Streptococci Colonization and Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics Of Health Institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2014-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis andpneumonia in neonates. Maternal colonization with GBS is the principal risk factor for early-onset of invasive GBS disease in infants. GBS is now recognized to be an important cause ofmaternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world; however, it has beenlittle studied in Ethiopia.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of GBS colonization, antibiotic susceptibility patternand identify risk factors related to GBS among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinicsof Health Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from May-August, 2014.Consented participants’ information was collected using structured questionnaire. A total of 281vaginal swabs were collected by consecutive sampling technique and inoculated into ToddHewitt Broth and later sub cultured on 5% blood agar for isolation of GBS. Antimicrobialsusceptibility testing was performed according to the criteria of the clinical and laboratorystandard institute (CLSI) guidelines 2013 by disk diffusion method. Data was entered andanalysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Chi-square test and binary logistic regressionanalysis were used. A 95 % CI and P- value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Result: The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 14.6%(41/281). GBS colonization was significantly associated with health institutions and inverselyrelated with history of contraceptive use (P<0.05). All GBS isolated were susceptible tochloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, cefotaxime, clindamycin, penicillin, vancomycin,ampicillin and erythromycin was 90.2%, 34.1%, 26.8%, 19.5%, 17%, 14.6% and 7.5%respectively.
Conclusion and Recommendation: There was high isolation frequency of GBS colonization(14.6%) and resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which suggests the importance of thescreening of GBS colonization in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation and testing theirantimicrobial susceptibilities in order to provide antibiotic prophylaxis.
Key words: Group B Streptococci, prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, risk factors
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Keywords
Group B Streptococci Prevalence Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Risk Factors