Prevalence of Group B Streptococci Colonization and Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics Of Health Institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2014-12
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis and
pneumonia in neonates. Maternal colonization with GBS is the principal risk factor for early-
onset of invasive GBS disease in infants. GBS is now recognized to be an important cause of
maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world; however, it has been
little studied in Ethiopia.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of GBS colonization, antibiotic susceptibility pattern
and identify risk factors related to GBS among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics
of Health Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted from May-August, 2014.
Consented participants’ information was collected using structured questionnaire. A total of 281
vaginal swabs were collected by consecutive sampling technique and inoculated into Todd
Hewitt Broth and later sub cultured on 5% blood agar for isolation of GBS. Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing was performed according to the criteria of the clinical and laboratory
standard institute (CLSI) guidelines 2013 by disk diffusion method. Data was entered and
analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression
analysis were used. A 95 % CI and P- value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Result: The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 14.6%
(41/281). GBS colonization was significantly associated with health institutions and inversely
related with history of contraceptive use (P<0.05). All GBS isolated were susceptible to
chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, cefotaxime, clindamycin, penicillin, vancomycin,
ampicillin and erythromycin was 90.2%, 34.1%, 26.8%, 19.5%, 17%, 14.6% and 7.5%
respectively.
Conclusion and Recommendation: There was high isolation frequency of GBS colonization
(14.6%) and resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which suggests the importance of the
screening of GBS colonization in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation and testing their
antimicrobial susceptibilities in order to provide antibiotic prophylaxis.
Key words: Group B Streptococci, prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, risk factors
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Keywords
Group B Streptococci, Prevalence, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Risk Factors