Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Postoperative Wound Infection at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2015-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Post operative wound infection is hospital acquired infection and it is the major
cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world especially in developing countries. Drug
resistance is the challenge for controlling such bacteria now days. Assessing the prevalent
bacteria and testing their antibiotic susceptibility helps to provide effective therapies, develop
rational prescription writing and make policy decisions.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in postoperative wound
infection.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 30 to August 28/2015 at Tikur
Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 197 study participants who had
been diagnosed for post operative wound infection during the study period were included. All
collected pus samples were cultured on Blood, MacConkey and Mannitol salt agar. All culture
positive samples were characterized by gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Bacterial
antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer
method.
Results: The overall prevalence was 75.6% (n=149/197) and the predominant bacteria isolated
were S. aureus33.3% (n=56/168), E. coli 14.3% (n=24/168 and Coagulase negative
Staphylococci 11.3% (n=19/168). Double infections 11.4% (n=17/149) were seen in which S.
aureus and Pseudomonas species showed common association 23.5% (n=4/17). Multidrug
resistances were recorded in 65.5% (n=110/168) of all bacterial isolates. Gram positive and
Gram negative isolates showed 55.3% (n=42/76) and 73.9% (n=68/92) multiple drug resistance
respectively. Among the antibiotics tested amoxicillin (93.5%), Ceftriaxone (85.3%), Penicillin
(84.5%) and Cefotaxime (82.7%) showed high level of resistance. Clindamycin (7.9%) and
Amikacin (1.1%) showed high sensitivity for Gram Positive and Gram negative respectively
Conclusion: The choice of drugs in the treatment of bacterial isolates from postoperative wound
infections is quite narrow today due to the wide scale resistance of pathogens to common drugs.
Rational use of antibiotics and a regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in post-
operative wound infections are essential and mandatory to prevent further emergence and spread
of anti-microbial resistance among bacterial pathogens.
Key terms: postoperative wound infections, Multidrug resistance bacteria, Tikur Anbessa
Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Keywords
Postoperative wound infections, Multidrug resistance bacteria, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital