Project paper on risk of Congenital Limb Reduction Defects Associated with in Utero Exposure to Oral Contraceptives
| dc.contributor.advisor | Afework, Mekbib (PhD) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Diriba, Workineh | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-06-13T07:33:47Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-29T04:16:17Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-06-13T07:33:47Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-29T04:16:17Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2014-07 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Oral contraceptives are widely used and are generally safe and effective for many women. Oral contraceptives are known also as the Pill, POP, COCPs, OCs, BCs, BC tablets, or birth control pills. This medicine usually contains two types of hormones, estrogens and progestins and, when taken properly, prevents pregnancy. The aim of this project is to review and present the teratogenic effects of Oral contraceptives on the limb development. Allegations that inadvertent pregnancies occurring in users of contraception are associated with congenital anomalies are common. Fortunately, there is little to no scientific basis for such claims. Evaluating these claims requires consideration of the two general mechanisms responsible for human malformation: teratogenesis and mutagenesis. Some study indicate that there is a possibility of a sevenfold (7X) increase in risk of limb reduction defects, Other authors concluded that, exposure to sex hormones during pregnancy doubled the risk for some specific diagnoses, including certain limb defects, but these increases were not statistically significant. Inbred normal adult SWR mice were used to investigate the possible teratogenic effect of Microginon 30 (0.15mg leronogestrel (L) + 0.03mg EE), as an oral contraceptive on fetuses of females receiving doses from day 7 to day 12 of pregnancy. External malformations including abnormal hind limb, abnormal tail and exencephaly have been induced in low frequencies by the doses 0.48L + 0.96E and 1.20L +0.24E mg/kg. An analysis of available epidemiologic data leads the present reviewer to conclude that the use of exogenous hormones during human pregnancy has not been proved to cause developmental abnormality in non-genital organs and tissues. If there are increased risks of non-genital malformations associated with the administration of certain sex steroids, the risks are very small, may not be causal, and are substantially below the spontaneous risk of malformations. Key words: Oral contraceptive, congenital limb reduction defects, pregnancy | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/607 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Addis Abeba University | en_US |
| dc.subject | Oral contraceptive; Congenital limb reduction defects; pregnancy | en_US |
| dc.title | Project paper on risk of Congenital Limb Reduction Defects Associated with in Utero Exposure to Oral Contraceptives | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |