Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
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Date
2021-03
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania parasites that infect
mammals transmitted by Phlebotomine and mostly affects the poorest. VL distributed
worldwide and prevalent in Ethiopia. Knowing the occurrence and risk factor is a remedy for
prevention and control. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with VL.
Methodology: Case control study was used during October-November 2019 in Borena. A 1:2
Cases to controls were identified by case definition and 33 cases were included in the study.
Participants >18years interviewed and caregivers of <18 were questioned for legitimacy. Epiinfo
and SPSS were used for data entry and analysis. Primarily predictors were identified
using chi-square at significant level P<0.05 with 95%CI, then candidate predictors were
analysed using bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify associated factors.
Result: Among 153 suspected cases, 9 suspected deaths reported; 33 (22%) cases and 3
deaths were verified for VL. Among 33 verified cases 15(45.5%) were in July 2019, in
comparison of 4years data, there is surge cases in July-August 2019, 26(79%) of cases were
from Dire, Attack Rate (AR) = 15/100,000, CFR=9.1%. Among all, 15-64year were highly
affected with AR=19.3%. A case control engaged 99(100%) respondents and among all
93(93.9%) were male, 68(68.8%) were 15-64years. Adult education AOR = 30.438(2.378,
389.602), bed-net AOR=9.024 (1.763, 46.205) and walling AOR=0.052(0.004, 0.739) were
associated factors with VL at 95%CI with p-value<0.05. Male 15-64years were highly
susceptible. Level of education, ITNs and walling were associated factors with VL.
Conclusion: Formulating policies and guidelines for male 15-64 years related vector control
and awareness creation regarding feeding habit of sand fly, prevention and control were
recommended. Awareness of community on prevention method; using repellents, ITNs
utilization, and safe sleeping mechanisms are mandatory. Further investigation on the issue is
best remedy to overcome future VL outbreak occurrence.
Description
Keywords
Borena zone, outbreak, Visceral Leishmaniasis