Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factor Among Adult HIV Positive Patients on the New Antiretroviral Treatment Protocol at Health Institutions offering Art in Gedeo Zone ,Southern, Ethiopia 2018.
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Introduction: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are infections that are more frequent or more severe because of immune-suppression in HIV-infected persons, and they are the major clinical presentations of HIV patients. It accounts for more than 90% of HIV/AIDS death.
Objective: To assess the prevalence of Opportunistic infections and associated factors among adult HIV positive patients on the new antiretroviral treatment protocol at health institutions offering ART in Gedeo Zone, Southern, Ethiopia 2018.
Method: A Health facility-based cross-sectional study was carried among 266 HIV positive patients taking ART. The study was conducted in Gedeo Zone in all ART offering institutions. The data was entered in to EPI data version 4.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variables (occurrence of OIs). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study.
Result: A total of 266 patients were included. The mean age of participants was 37.10 yearwith (SDĀ±11.882). The Overall prevalence of OIs was found to be 38.7%. The most predominant OIs observed were oral candidiasis (10.5%), followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (9.8%) and Herpes zoster (5.6%). Baseline CD4 cell count, 200 cells/mm3 (AOR = 9.136; 95% CI =2.747, 30.386), baseline WHO clinical stage III/IV (AOR =2.717; 95% CI =14.20,
5.198), poor adherence (AOR=10.052; 95%CI=4.3062, 3.464), bedridden (AOR=3.266; 95%CI=1.637, 6.518), were found to have strong association with acquisition of OIs.
Conclusions and Recommendations: According to this finding, the prevalence of OI amongHIV positive patients receiving ART was still high. CD4 cell count, advanced WHO stage,adherence, functional status, baseline BMI and khat chewing are predominantly mentioned factors associated with occurrence of OIs among HIV positive patients on ART. Therefore, interventions need to be design to promote early HIV testing and early enrollment HIVinfected
individuals into ART services.
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Keywords
Opportunistic infections, HIV patients, antiretroviral therapy, CD4, WHO clinical stage, Gedeo zone, Ethiopia