Indications, Types, and Peri-operative Outcomes of Pulmonary Resections: A 5-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2025
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary resections are essential surgical interventions for a range of benign and malignant lung diseases. In Ethiopia, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV remain significant public health challenges, complicating pulmonary disease management. This study aimed to assess the clinical indications, types, and peri-operative outcomes of pulmonary resections performed at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) over five years (2020–2024), in a resource-limited, high TB/HIV burden setting.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients who underwent pulmonary resection at TASH from 2020 to 2024. Data were collected from surgical logs, medical records, and follow-up contacts. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate factors associated with postoperative complications.
Results: A total of 100 patients underwent pulmonary resection, with a male predominance (63%) and a relatively young age profile (35% under 35 years). Lung cancer (35%) was the leading surgical indication, followed by TB-related complications (21%) and aspergilloma (18%). Over time, a trend was observed in which benign and infectious conditions were predominant early on, shifting to lung cancer in 2023 and 2024. Lobectomy (49%) and pneumonectomy (30%) were the most frequently performed procedures, all conducted via open thoracotomy. 95% of patients had no comorbiditie and HIV positivity was rare (3%). Postoperative complications occurred in 12% of cases such as primarily infections and prolonged air leaks. Only one postoperative death (1%) was recorded. 62% of the patients were discharged within 8–14 days, and 79% resumed normal activity within one month. Multivariate analysis revealed that a diagnosis of lung cancer was significantly associated with reduced odds of complications (AOR = 0.065; p = 0.016).
Conclusion: This study reveals a shifting pattern in pulmonary resection indications from infectious to malignant diseases in Ethiopia. Surgical outcomes were favorable, with low complication and mortality rates despite resource limitations. The findings underscore the growing burden of lung cancer and highlight the need for expanded access to thoracic surgery and improved peri-operative care.
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Peri-operative Outcomes, Pulmonary Resections: