Feto-Maternal complications of placenta praevia and its risk factors in tikur Anbessa Specialized Referal and Gandhi memorial hospitals
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Date
2018-10
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: placenta praevia is a disorder that happens during pregnancy, which is characterized by the presence of placental tissue close or adjacent to the cervix. The magnitude of placenta praevia is 3-5 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide and it is still rising because of increasing caesarean section rates. It is associated with severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and sometimes mortality.
Objective: to assess and identify the risk factors, maternal and neonatal complications associated with placenta praevia.
Method and materials: Target populations for this study were ass women diagnosed with placenta praevia in Tikur Anbessa and Gandhi memorial specialized hospitals. The study design was hospital based retrospective case controlstudy. Data was carefully exracted from medical records, reviewed and analyzed. SPSS version 25 statistical package for statistical analysis was used. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize categorical variables. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression and adjusted odd ration (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results placenta praevia complicated 303 cases of pregnancy and six neonatal deaths were recorded in this study. The magnitude of placenta praevia observes was 7 in 1000 pregnancies. Advanced maternal age (> 35) [AOR 6.3; 95%CI: 3.20, 12.5], Multiparity [AOR 2.2; 95%CI: 1.46,3.46] and previous history of caesarean section [AOR 2.7; 95%CI: 1.64,4.58] had an increased odds of placenta praevia.
Major maternal complications associated with placenta praevia were postpartum anemia[4;95%CI: 1.24, 13.85], IUGR [AOR 6.4; 95%CI: 1.79, 22.38] and preterm birth [AOR 8;95%CI: 4.91, 12.90].
Conclusion: Advanced maternal age, multiparity and previous histories of caesarean section were significantly associated risk factors of placenta praevia. Adverse maternal outcomes associated with placenta praevia were significantly associated risk factors of placenta praevia. Adverse maternal outcomes associated with placenta praevia were postpartum anemia and the need for blood transfusion. Neonates born placenta praevia women were also at risk of being born preterm, intrauterine growth restriction and respiratory distress syndrome.
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Keywords
Placenta praevia, Neonatal complication, maternal complication