Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Methanol Extract of Syzygium Guineense Leaves on the Histology of the Liver and Kidney and Biochemical Compositions of Blood in Rats
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Date
2016-05
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Plant medicine, is the oldest form of health care known to mankind. Syzygium guineense is one
of the many species of Ethiopian medicinal plants which have a long history of use as remedies
for various ailments such as dysentery, diarrhea and hypertension. In most countries, herbal
medicines and related products are introduced into the market without any mandatory safety or
toxicological evaluation. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the histopathological
effect of hydromethanol extract of S. guineense on liver and kidney; and blood parameters of
rats. For acute toxicity study the rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=4). The
control group received distilled water, while the experimental groups, received 2000 mg/kg and
5000 mg/kg 80% methanol extract of S.guineense leaves orally. For subacute toxicity study the
rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). The control group received distilled water,
while the experimental groups, received 500 and 1500mg/kg 80% methanol extract of
S.guineense leaves orally for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and liver and
kidneys were collected for gross pathology, hematology, clinical chemistry and histopathology
evaluation. In the acute toxicity study rats treated with 2000 and 5000mg/kg showed no
toxicological signs observed on behavior, gross pathology, and body weight of rats. In the
subacute toxicity study rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology,
body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters except glucose (p ˂ 0.05) as compared
with the control group. There were no significant differences in the gross and histopathology of
the liver and kidneys of experimental animals in extract exposed groups and their counterpart
control. These results show that hydromethanol extract of S. guineense did not produce adverse
effects in treated rats after acute and subacute treatment. Reduction in serum blood glucose level
may indicate its therapeutic values, but further detailed studies should be carried out to
recommend its therapeutic use.
Keywords: Syzygium guineense, medicinal plant, toxicological evaluation
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Keywords
Syzygium Guineense; Medicinal Plant; Toxicological Evaluation