Perceptions and Challenges of Mothers With Preterm Babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025: Qualitative Study
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Date
2025-05-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Mothers who experience preterm delivery express feelings of failure and
inadequacy, as they perceive an inability to carry their pregnancy to full term and to defend their
babies from damage and distress. Most of them suffered emotional stress because of their lack of
preparation for the premature birth and the uncertainty surrounding the newborn's survival and
longevity.
Objectives: To explore the perceptions and challenges of mothers having preterm newborns in a
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study design was conducted among 10 mothers of
preterm babies at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 20, 2025. Purposive
sampling technique was used to select study participants. Open-ended interview guide was used
for collecting data. The interview was audio recorded, transcribed, and translated to English. The
transcript was imported to Atlas.ti 25 qualitative data analysis software for coding. Finally,
Colaizzi's 7-step approach to inductive thematic analysis of the results was used. Trustworthiness
was ensured by implementing Lincoln and Guba criteria of credibility, transferability,
dependability, and conformability.
Result: Mother recognized preterm babies by gestational age and physical characteristics. As
babies born early, nine months before, and small in size, they have underdeveloped organs and
reduced alertness. Mothers described the experience of preterm birth as a sudden, overwhelming,
and emotionally traumatic event, often accompanied by negative emotions like feelings of fear,
sadness, worries, and hopelessness. Many perceived that preterm babies might not survive.
During their stay in the NICU, these mothers faced numerous challenges, including a lack of
adequate counseling, scarce resources, and the unfamiliar and intimidating environment of the
NICU. They emphasized the need for both emotional and practical support from healthcare
providers, family members, and community.
Conclusion and recommendation: Mother’s perception of preterm babies is, in itself, a source
of emotional distress in the NICU, alongside unexpected early birth, early separation from their
baby, and uncertainty about survival. Strengthening emotional support, improving hospital
facilities, counseling services and raising awareness are vital to reduce stress and promote better
outcomes.
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Keywords
Mothers’ perceptions, Preterm, Neonates, challenges, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.