INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORTATION AND USE OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS TREATED FEEDS ON GROWTH, CARCASS YIELD AND MEAT QUALITY OF ARSI-BALE AND AFAR SHEEP
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Date
2019-08
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Abstract
The present study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the level of deployment of sheep for carcass export and effect of transportation of sheep and goats on body weight, mortality and carcass condemnation; studying the effect of trekking or trucking on body weight, carcass and meat quality of Arsi-Bale and Afar lambs; assessing the effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM) application rate and duration of ensiling on tef straw silage quality; evaluating the effect of genotype and concentrate supplementation of tef straw silage on growth performance, carcass and meat quality of Afar and Arsi-Bale lambs. A retrospective abattoir survey was conducted in export abattoirs in Bishoftu and Modjo towns. The experimental design of the experiments was factorial arrangement incompletely randomized design. In the transportation experiment two lamb groups were transported 25 km from Bishofti to Modjoby either trekking or trucking and the third was kept at abattoir for five days before the other two. The silage was made from tef straw inoculated with EM and packed in plastic bags. It was then, subjected to physical and chemical analysis. During feeding and digestibility trials each lamb was fed tef straw silage alone, or supplemented with bokashi alone or mixed with noug seed cake. The survey result indicated that, 3,904,338 sheep and goats were slaughtered for export in 2012/13-2014/15. Mortality and weight loss caused by transportation, respectively were 0.01% and 6.49% for sheep and 0.10% and 6.58% for goats. There were 0.09% full and 0.12%, partial carcass condemnations.The physical appraisal of tef straw silage showed that it was of good quality. The water socked tef straw ensiled for 21 days inoculated with EM at a rate of 500ml/kg was found to have better nutritional quality. Content and digestibility of crude protein and digestibility of organic matter appeared better for 21 days ensiling period. The transportation experiment revealed that Arsi-Bale lambs were better than Afar for most carcass traits. All ultimate pH, color and sensory eating quality of meat samples from both transportation and feeding trials were in the range of good quality meat. The intake of most nutrients of Afar was higher than the Arsi-Balewhile it was lower for control lambs except the fibers. The Arsi-Bale lambs performed better than Afar lambs in live weight, feed efficiency and all the carcass traits. Most of the carcass linear measurements were influenced only by diet for which the supplemented lambs were better. The L* value and fat content were higher for meat from Afar lambs while other physicochemical characteristics were similar for bothbreeds. Mode of Transportation did not affect most of carcass traits, but meat pH.However, there was significant breed effect with Arsi-Bale lambs showing higher growth performance and better predictability with better lean meat yield having acceptable quality that makes it more suitable to be used for export meat production.
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PhD Thesis
Keywords
Carcass condemnation, Effective microorganisms, Meat quality, Sensory evaluation