Characterization and Enzymatic Transesterification of Pork Lard for the Synthesis of Leather Fatliquor and Biodiesel
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2014-09
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Pork lard (PL) is a class of lipids and oils organic compounds consisting of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that can be modified into biodiesel and leather fatliquor for industrial applications. The fat of the pork was collected from the back attached below the skin and around the belly and kidney of the Caracas. After the oils and fats were extracted and purified, characterization for its physicochemical properties, pattern of triglycerides and fatty acid compositions was done by analytical analysis and using Gas Chromatography (GC), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrumental tools. The aim of present research work was the synthesis of biodiesel or Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) by enzyme catalysed transesterification process using Porcine Pancreatic Lipase (PPL) as a catalyst and the production of leather fatliquor by sulfitation and external emulsification processing methods. The effect of three parameters including Pork Lard to methanol molar ratio, temperature and reaction time on the transesterification reaction (TER) was investigated by keeping 5% enzyme concentration (based on oil weight) and 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) stirring rate constant. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 81 % at 1:4 molar ratio of oil to methanol and 40 oc temperatures after 36 hours reaction time. PL consists of 44% oleic acid and 11%linoleic acid which are suitable to add polar functional group by sulfitation reaction. In this study a promising fatliquor was synthesized from PL by sulfitation and external emulsification method after complete characterization of the fats and lipids. The synthesized sulphited fatliquor gives the leather better multifunctional properties such as softness, handle, colour uniformity, roundness, and better tensile and tear strength properties. This new fatliquor also has unique waxy characteristics which give an attractive burnishable effect in finishing especially for shoe upper leather that most of the conventional commercial fatliquors cannot give.
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Bioengineering