Elements of Writing English -I (FLEn 220)
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Date
2000-09
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
The word-by word attention required for a good paraphras_e will
lead you across all the contours of another writer's thought. You will
follow the main trail of meaning, the ridges of fine distinctions, the
cutbacks of qualifications, and the waysides of association. Like a
patient hiker on a slow trek, you must mentally pull together all the major
events of the journey in order to sense the total experience. Writing a
summary, on the other hand, allows you to review the entire process as
a whole.
Unlike the paraphrase writer, who must discover new ways to
restate the meaning, the summarizer looks for the most compact
restatement. To high light the essentials of another writer's idea- rather
than to provide a complete and detailed restatement is the purpose of
summmary writing. A summary will help you understand the major
direction, the main points and the overall shape of the overall detailed
original. A summary restates the esssence of the original in as few
words as possible, but not necessarily in different words. In most cases I
when you use an author's original words, you need to put them in
quotation marks. When you are writing a freestanding summary, for
which the source is given andwhich is labeled as a summary of that
source (and only in this situation),You need not mark by quotation marks
the use of the author's words with quotation marks.
To rewrite a longer piece in short form, you must first understand the
piece you are working with. Begin by reading the piece carefully, making
sure you absorb the full meaning. If there are words you do not know,
look them up. If some sentences are confusing, paraphrase them.
Identify the main ideas and determine how the less important material
relates to those main ideas. In short, read.
Once you understand the piece you are summanzlng, you must
decide which parts you are going to include in the summary and which
. you are going to leave out. Of course, how much material you select
depends on how long you want the summary to be and for what purpose
you are going to use the summary. However, unless you have a more
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Elements of Writing English