Assessment of Diarrhea in under-five Children: a Comparative cross-Sectional Study in open Defecation and open Defecation free rural Settings in Dangla District, North west Ethiopia
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Date
2016-06
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Addis Abeba Universty
Abstract
Background: Open defecation is a widespread problem in the developing world. This practice
facilitates the transmission of diarrheal diseases – one of the leading causes of mortality in children
under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, still the national open defecation rate in 2014 was
34.1% (37.9% rural, and 8.7% at urban)
Objective:To assess diarrheal morbidity in under-five children and associated factors in ODF
and non-ODF settings in Dangla district, north-west Ethiopia, 2016
Methods: The study periodwasFebruary 2016.A community based comparative cross-sectional
studydesign wasemployed. A multistage random sampling technique also applied. Thetotal sample
size was be 550 i.e. 275 NODF and 275 ODF.A structured questionnaire and observation checklist
wasapplied.After selecting 10 kebeles from each setting, the samples were distributed
proportionally by their number of under-five children’s. SPSS version 20 was used for data
analysis. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa University
School of Public Health and Dangla woreda Administration
Result:A total of 525 (263 from ODF and 262 from NODF) participants were interviewed
making the response rate 95.45 %.The prevalence of diarrhea were 9.9% inODF and 36.1%in
NODF kebeles (X2=50.791, P=0.000). From the total respondents, 158(60.3%) from ODF and
188(71.5%) from NODF kebeles uses unimproved water sources. The majority of the respondents
in both ODF and NODF kebeles use jerrycan as their main storage for drinking water.The majority
of respondents in both settings have private latrine. In ODF kebeles,Child immunization
(AOR=0.037; 95%CI: 0.006-0.243), latrine presence (AOR=0.036; 0.006-0.233), water shortage
(AOR=8.756; 95%CI: 1.130-67.831) and solid waste disposal (AOR=0.143; 95%CI:
0.020-0.998)have statistically significantassociationwith diarrhea. Whereas in NODF kebeles Child
Immunization (AOR=0.032; 95CI:0.008-0.123), water access of 7.5-15liter/day (AOR=0.029;
95%CI: 0.006-0.152) and water access of greater than 15liter/day
Assessment of diarrhea in under-five children in OD and ODF rural settings, north west Ethiopia
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(AOR=0.068;95%CI:0.010-0.474),water shortage(AOR=18.478; 95%CI: 4.692-72.760) and Proper
solid waste disposal(AOR=0.023;95%CI:0.005-0.117]) have statistically significantassociation
with diarrhea.
Conclusion and recommendation: ODF status reduced the overall prevalence of under-five
diarrhea among the individuals living in the ODF villages compared with the NODF villages. It is
better to work together with line ministries, regions, zones, woreda health structures, government
partners, and local NGO`s to improve, latrine presence at household, water shortage in household
and solid waste disposal practices
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Assessment of Diarrhea in under-five Children