Bacterial Profiles and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Isolates from Medical Devices and Inanimate Surfaces from ICU Room at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2021-08
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Infections acquired in hospitals are a major public health concern around the
world, especially when caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. Bacteria,
including MDR isolates, were found in critical care units near the patient or nearby
environment (inanimate surfaces and equipment). Microorganisms may be transmitted
indirectly via inanimate surfaces and equipment, which could play a substantial role in ICUrelated
infections.
Objective: To assess bacterial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates from medical
devices and inanimate surfaces of ICU room at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021 in
Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa. Swabs were collected twice in 30 days
from medical devices and inanimate surfaces of ICU room. A total of 136 samples were
collected by swabbing hospital surfaces, and the bacterial isolates were identified using Gram's
staining, standard culture, and biochemical tests. Besides, the respective antimicrobial
sensitivity tests were checked for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby–Bauer disk
diffusion. SPSS Version 25 was used to analyzed and present the results in terms of percentage
and table.
Result Bacterial growth was found in 45 (33.1%) of the 136 samples tested. A total of 56
bacterial pathogens were recovered from all specimens processed during the study. Grampositive
bacteria accounted for 16 (28.6%), while Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 40
(71.4%). Among the Gram-positive isolates, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci 13(23.2%)
were frequently isolated followed by Bacillus species 2(3.6%). Klebsiella species 21(37.5%)
were most isolated of the Gram-negative rods. The range of resistance for Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria were from 87.5% – 100% and 30% – 100% respectively. From the
study participants, 32(82.1%) clean surfaces of medical equipment and inanimate, and 33
(84.6%) cleaned the reusable equipment before storage or used on next patient.
Conclusion: In the ICU, the rate of bacterial contamination found is high and mostly resistance
to different types of anti-microbial drugs were prescribed. The infection control and prevention
unit in the hospital is better to adopt observation on a regular basis.
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Keywords
Bacterial profile, non–critical medical equipment, inanimate surfaces, antibiotic sensitivity