SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN CATTLE AND PIGS IN SELECTED COMMERCIAL FARMS AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION FROM ACTIVE OUTBREAK CASES
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2019-06
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Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to May 2019 to investigate the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease. Multistage sampling was implemented to determine sero-prevalence and asses the risk factors of foot and mouth disease. Additionally, active outbreaks were investigated to identify the virus using molecular tools. Questionnaire survey was also carried out and revealed that various factors affect the occurance of foot-and-mouth disease. The result of 3ABC ELISA showed an overall prevalence of 24.39% (269/1103) in cattle and 2.11% (9/426) in pigs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant differences among districts: cattle from Bahir Dar Zuria, Ada’a, Sodo Zuria and Gonder Zuria had less odds of being sero-positive with odds ratio of 0.56 (CI= 0.34-0.92), 0.23 (CI= 0.09-0.57), 0.22 (CI= 0.11-0.42) and 0.15 (CI= 0.09-0.27), respectively compared to cattle from Alage district. Pigs from Bishoftu were less likely to test postive than pigs from Addis Ababa with an odds ratio of 0.04 (95% CI= 0.01-0.34). Female and older cattle greater than 3 years of age have higher odds of being sero-postive than their male and younger counterparts, respectively. The disease virus genome was detected in 66.7% (46/69) of active outbreak samples by rRT-PCR. Further, 9 samples were characterized by serotyping and sequencing of virus isolates identified 6 serotype A African topotype of G-IV and 3 serotype O of EA-3(2) and EA-4(1) topotypes. The viruses isolated in this study were clustered with other African isolates. Thus, control strategy should be designed in such a way that implementation of appropriate biosecurity measures, regular serosurveilance and frequent outbreak investigation in function of effective vaccine design and vaccination.
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Cattle, Commercial farms, Molecular characterizarion