Design, Manufacture and Testing of Improved Biomass Injera Baking Stove Integrated with Thermoelectric Generator
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Date
2024-10
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Most of Ethiopian population, as a sub-Saharan African community, depends on traditional biomass for cooking purposes and almost half of the biomass is specifically used for baking Injera. Most people in rural area use biomass to bake Injera in low efficient traditional open fire stove which leads to excessive firewood consumption, significant indoor air pollution, environmental degradation, and deforestation (Tadesse, 2020). In addition, urban-rural access to electrification shows that almost two third of people lives in rural area of Ethiopia which more than half people has no access to electricity. The life style of people living without access to electricity is difficult compared to those who has access (WBG, 2023).
In this research an improved biomass Injera baking stove integrated with thermoelectric generator was designed, manufactured and its performance was comparatively evaluated with Mirt stove according to standard to “Ethiopian Standard Test Protocol ES ISO 19867-1:2018”. The test was conducted fifteen times, five tests for Mirt stove, five tests for the manufactured stove with natural draft and five test for tests for the manufactured stove with forced draft. And each test is conducted for an hour and the results are generated by WBT 4.2.3 Excel evaluation setup.
The forced draft stove which is designed and manufactured by this research has an average of 37.32% thermal efficiency. This value has an average of 3.26% efficiency improvement compared to Mirt stove which has an average of 34.06% thermal efficiency in addition to small scale power generation. In addition, the test of the natural draft stove which has an average of 35.82% has a 1.5% efficiency improvement compared to Mirt stove. In addition to the efficiency improvement, the integrated TEG was generating an open circuit voltage of 14.2V and output rated power of 1.4w (8.6 V x 0.16) while running a DC fan and DC LED lamp at an average temperature difference of 1400C. So, as it is, the generated power can run the DC fan which helps the process of forced draft and can light up an LED lamp in order to help baking and cooking at night which gives the light for the room.
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Keywords
Injera Baking Stove, Thermoelectric Generator, Design