Comparative study on the magnitude of intestinal parasites, Salmonella and Shigella species and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern among HIV infected and non-infected patients with diarrhea in selected health facilities, Dessie town, Northeast Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Diarrhea is a common complication and manifestation of HIV/AIDS, occurring in almost 90% of HIV/AIDS infections both in adults and children in developing countries like Ethiopia. Salmonella and Shigella infections are major global public health problems causing mild to severe forms of intestinal tract infection and diarrhea; Intestinal parasites are also additional burden in developing countries.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, Salmonella and Shigella Species and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among HIV infected and non-infected patients with diarrhea in selected health facilities, Dessie town, Northeast Amhara Regional State.
Methods: Health facility based cross sectional study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie Health Center and Banbua wuha Health Center from January 2018 to April 2018. A total of 354 HIV infected and non-infected diarrheic outpatients were included using convenient sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using interview that employed structured questionnaire. Freshly voided stool specimen was used for investigate intestinal parasite, culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM).
Results: Among 354 study participants, 112 were HIV infected and 242 were non HIV infected with diarrhea. The prevalence of Intestinal parasite and Bacterial infection among HIV infected was 26(23.2%) and 8(7.1%), respectively. Of the bacterial isolates, Salmonella accounts 6(5.4%) followed by Shigella 2(1.8%) among bacterial isolates. Moreover, the most prevalent parasite was C. parvum 9(8%), E. histolytica/dispar 8(7.1%), 4(3.6%) and 1(0.9%) co-infection of C. parvum and C. catananyesis. The bacterial isolates from diarrheal patients were 100% susceptible to Ceftriaxone 95.4% susceptible to Ciprofloxacin However, the isolates 100% resistant to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin.
Conclusion: High prevalence of enteric pathogens and high resistance of isolates to commonly prescribed antibiotics were observed from HIV infected and non-infected patients. Therefore, Prevention methods should be given attention to reduce the infection rate and AST should be practiced in the health facilities to select appropriate antimicrobial agent and prevent emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
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Salmonella, Shigella, Antimicrobial susceptibility test, Multidrug resistance