Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Beef in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2023
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 spreads through the consumption of contaminated, raw beef. A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2022 and June 2023 on 285 samples collected from butcher shops and abattoir to investigate the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and assess its antimicrobial susceptibility profile in slaughterhouse and butcher shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The 3MTM Molecular Assay Detection E. coli O157 methods were used to detect E. coli O157 using the 3MDS protocol guide. Isolation and identification E. coli O157:H7 was by using Biolog GENIII Microplate system. Over all, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in the abattoir and butcher shops was 6.32% at 95% CI [4.0–9.83] with a higher prevalence in the abattoir (12/150; 8.0%) than butcher shops
(6/135; 4.44%). In the abattoir, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 12 (8%) at 95% CI [4.6, 13.6] samples, 10 (6.67%) from beef carcasses, 1 (0.67%) from workers' hands, and 1 (0.67%) from knife swabs. Animal-related risk factors (sex, age, breed, and body condition score) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in the abattoir. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in butcher shops was 4.44 % at 95% CI [1.99– 9.63], and cutting board swabs (16%), carcasses (1.67%), and knife swabs (4%) were the most common sources. The test statistics association found a significant difference in the
prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 among sample types from an abattoir and butcher shops (df = 7, p = 0.04). The disc diffusion method used to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Eight antimicrobials used to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 18 E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Accordingly, E. coli O157:H7 showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin G, and vancomycin and 94% resistance to ampicillin. Moreover, both streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim showed 100% susceptibility. E. coli O157:H7 was also found to be susceptible to gentamicin and tetracycline (17/18) (94.44%) and 16/18 (88.9%), respectively. In the current study, samples from butcher shops and an abattoir were found to contain the human pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, which is resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, coordination of efforts is required to minimize or eliminate the dangers that this organism poses at various points in the food chain. These can be prevented primarily by using antibiotics ethically and correctly handling and cooking animal products.
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E. coli O157:H7, beef, abattoir, butcher shop, prevalence, and antimicrobial susceptibility