Diagnostic Patterns with Computerized Tomography of Pediatric Abdominal Masses Seen in the Pediatric Radiology Unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ,Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia From May 1,2018 to April 30,2019.
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Date
2019-09
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Abdominal swelling is one of the common presentations in children for seeking medical attention. The causes are varied, including bothbenign and malignant entities, requiring very different sets of management. CTscan imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of pediatric abdominal masses, local disease staging, identification of distant metastases,and monitoring response to therapy.
Objective: The aim of this study is to see the pattern of pediatric abdominal mass on CT scan findings in patients presented for abdominal CT scan to thePediatric Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among pediatric patients from May 1 2018 to April30 2019. The study population comprised all pediatric age group patients with abdominal swelling for whom abdominal CT examinations were done at theradiology department of TASH, pediatric radiology unit. Data were collected from May 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019 using structured data collection instrumentwhich were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software, then summarization and comparison of data were done.
Results: A total of 323 pediatric patients had abdominal CT done at the radiology unit and 176 (57%) patients had abdominal swelling fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Out of the included patients 97(53%) were male, 86 (47%) were female. The majority of patients were in the age group between 3 and 5years of age 71(39%) followed by the age group of between years 1 and 2 accounting about 20% of the study population. 83.5% of the scanned patients had the origin of the mass identified while 29 patients (16.5%) had unidentified organ of mass origin. Of the identified organ of origin, the commonest was renal accounting for about 75 patients (42.6%)followed by adrenal and liver and biliary origin masses each accounting 9.7%and 9.1% of the reported cases respectively. Of the identified organ of origin, 71 (40.4%) of patients had diagnosis of Wilm’s.39 patients (22.2%) had Wilm’s tumor as the most likely diagnosis; 32 patients(18.2%)were known Wilm’s tumor. 24 (13.7%) patients had diagnosis of neuroblastoma. 13 (7.4%) had neuroblastoma as most likely diagnosis; 11(6.3%) were known neuroblastoma in the final impression of their reports.Lymphoma, both as a known diagnosis and most likely diagnosis, accounted for 22(12.5%) of the cases seen.
Conclusion: In this study, among pediatric patients for whom abdominal CTscan was done, Wilm’s tumor was the commonest diagnosis followed byneuroblastoma and lymphoma. The commonest age group in which Wilm’stumor is seen is between the ages 3 and 5 years, which also accounted for thehighest age group of the study population.
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Wilm’s tumor, Neuroblastoma, Lymphoma, CT scan