Prevalence and Incidence of Malaria in Tora Town and Childhood Malaria in Tora Primary Hospital, Silte Zone, South Centeral Ethiopia.
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Date
2019-08-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Malaria is caused by a protozoan Parasites belonging to the genus, Plasmodium. There are five Plasmodium species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. Malaria is taking life of a child every two minutes in Sub-Sahara Africa. During the main transmission seasons from September to December but, the lowest transmission seasons in April to May following short rains. Thus, the public health burden of malaria is huge in Ethiopia. Children, particularly under-five including new born and infants less than 12 months of age are one of the most vulnerable groups to malaria. This study was intended to investigate the prevalence and incidence of malaria in the Tora town. They were used secondary and primary data collection methods, and also simple random sampling techniques were used based on the available data. The retrospective survey was conducted in Tora health office, and prospective survey was conducted in Tora primary Hospital. These data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and Chi-squared (X2). On average 770 slide confirmed cases visited in Tora health office in each year. Over the whole 2741 (50.8%) and 2650 (49.2%) of the case were attributed to P. falciparum and P. vivax mono-infectious, respectively in Tora health office. However, no positive results confirmed in six months in 2019. From 2012 to 2018 prevalence malaria were decreasing, the variation were statically significant, and 2019 Six months no malaria cases confirmed and the variations were statically significant. Both secondary and primary data showed decreasing trend of malaria in the town. The study gives a hint that planning for elimination of the disease in the locality may be achievable in the near coming. Nevertheless, Malaria control interventions must be maintained and scaled-up to sustainably reduce its risk and possibly decrease from the locality.
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Keywords
Prevalence, Malaria, Incidence, Tora Town, P. Falciparum, P. Vivax, Anopheles Mosquitos