A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study on Clinical Profile and Short Term Out Come of Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients Presenting with Acute Heart Failure at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2025-12-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: The Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Including Ethiopia, Remains Significant. Despite This, There Are Limited Retrospective Data on the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with RHD Presenting with AHF In Ethiopia, Particularly at Tertiary Centers Such as Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).
Objectives: To Assess the Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcomes of RHD Patients Presenting with AHF At TASH.
Methods: This Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Was Conducted At TASH, Addis Ababa. Patients Diagnosed with RHD and After between October 1, 2024 to September 30, 2025 Were Randomly Selected for Enrollment. Data Collection Included Demographic Characteristics, Clinical Features at Admission, Laboratory and Echocardiographic Findings, Treatment, And Outcomes (E.G., Length of Stay, In-Hospital Mortality, And 30-Day Readmission or Death). The New York Heart Association Classification Was Used to Categorize the Functional Status of the Patients. Results: The Median Age of the Cohorts Was 31 Years (IQR 20-39), 57%Were Female, and 50.4% Were Married. 83.7% Of Patients Covered Their Healthcare Costs Out of Pocket. The Median Duration of Symptoms Before Hospital Presentation Was 7days (IQR 5-14). Dyspnea Was the Most Common Presenting Symptom; 47.4% Of Patients Presented in NYHA Class IV And the Most Common Precipitating Factor Identified Was Pneumonia (27.1%); Mitral Valve Involvement Was 97%, Nearly All Patients (99.3%) Received Diuretics.
In-Hospital Complications Occurred In 52.8% Of Patients, With Electrolyte Abnormalities Being the Most Common Complication, The Median Length of Stay Was 21 Days (IQR 11-31), 76.3% Of Patients Were Discharged, and 23.7% Died.
Conclusion: This Study Shows That RHD Remains a Major Cause of AHF In Young Adults, Often Presenting Late and Experiencing High Complication Rates and Mortality.
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Keywords
Rheumatic heart disease, Outcome