Determinants of Neural Tube Defect among Children, at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,2018 a Case Control Study
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the commonest malformations with worldwide prevalence of 1-3 per1000 live births. They are resulted by failure of neural tube to close during neurulation in 21-28 embryonic days and it’s a multi-factorial in etiology. Currentlyin Ethiopia there is no published data regarding the determinants of NTDs. Therefore this study was used to assess the determinants of NTDs in Addis Ababa and will serve as base line reference for further studies.Objective: the objective of this study was to assess the determinant of Neural tube defects(NTDs) among children at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method; A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted from November to May2018.The sample size was determined by statistical Openepi version 3by considering 95% CL at80% power(case to control ratio of 1:2) and gave a total of 180,out of this60 cases and 120controls were selected by lottery method. Data was collected by structured questioner& SPSSversion 23 software was used for analysis; results were summarized by descriptive statistics.Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done at p-value < 0.05 and OR with95% CI was used to control for possible confounders.
Results: The bivariate analysis shows that oral contraceptive use, young maternal age, parentallow educational status, sauna/hot tab use, passive smoking, caffeine consumption ≥3 cup/day,maternal occupation, planned pregnancy, family history of neural tube defects, fever/febrileillness,antipyretic use& being multiparous shows significant association to neural tube defects.The multivariate analysis shows that maternal fever/febrile illness (OR 65.5 CI 4.4 -957.9),family history of neural tube defects (OR 43.5 CI 1.2-1506.9), coffee consumption (OR 18.5 CI3.7-91.1), antipyretic use (OR 0.01 CI .00 -.53) maternal age <19 (OR 33.3 CI 2.5-448.4) & 25-29(OR 9.7 CI 1.3-67.6) shows association to neural tube defects.
Conclusion: in conclusion this study shows that maternal fever /febrile illness, family history ofNTDs, coffee consumption, young maternal age, were associated with the increasing risk ofNTDs whereas antipyretic drug use had protective effect to NTDs. therefore periconceptionalmaternal screening for genetic factors and medical illness is important for women’s of child bearing age.
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Neural tube defect, periconceptional factors, folic acid