Toxicity study of anti-ectoparasiticformulation comprising Eucalyptus globulus and Jatrophacurcas oils blended using industry based emulsifier on the histopathology of liver, kidneys and some blood parameters in mice.
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Date
2018-08
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: Agriculture delivers a livelihood for the people of many African countries.
Accordingly, animal agriculture provides strong base for Ethiopian economy. However, the
presence of ectoparasites and secondary infections caused by their infestations decrease the
quantity and quality of livestock production leading to low income. A lot of chemicals such as
organophosphates, carbamates, acaricides, and chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely applied to
regulate these ectoparasites and their adverse effects. However, most synthetic anti-ectoparasites
are toxic and the relatively safe chemicals are expensive. Utilization of affordable and safer
products from natural sources is, therefore, highly commendable.
Objectives: The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxic effects
of the formulation.
Methods: The experiments were performed on a total of 72 healthy male and female (54 for
acute and 18 for sub-chronic) Swiss Albino mice. Grouping was done randomly based on the
OECD guideline. The treatment groups were orally administered with 1.25%, 1.9%, 2.9%, 4.4%,
6.6%, 9.9%, 14.9% and 20% ml/kg body weight doses of the formulation for the acute toxicity
studies. 1.25% and 3.75% ml/kg body weight doses of the formulation were used for the subchronic
toxicity studies. The control groups were administered with distilled water during both
acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies.
Results: There was no change in the general behavior of treatment groups as compared to the
control during acute toxicity study. No death was recorded. The LD50 was found higher than
20% ml/kg body weight dose of the formulation. In the sub-chronic studies, no significant
biochemical, hematological and body weight changes were observed, except for LDL, which was
found increased in both treatment groups. Generally, histological architecture of liver and
kidneys were normal. However, liver of animals treated with dose of 3.75% ml/kg showed small
number of mononuclear leukocytic infiltrations around portal areas. Minor tubulointerstitial
leukocytic infiltrations were also observed in the kidney sections of these animals.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Results of the acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies
revealed that the formulation is relatively safe. Further studies in other organs and animals are
recommended toward establishing the safety of the formulation.
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Keywords
Eucalyptus globulus, Jatropha curcas, Ectoparasites, Toxicity, Swiss albino mice