Tuberculosis and HIV Infection in Southern Ethiopia
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Date
1994-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A health institution based cross-sectional study
was carried out in Shashemene town, Southern Ethiopia
between September, 1993, and January, 1994, to determine
the sero-prevalence and the clinical impact of HIV among
newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients.
The HIV-an"El15ooy was- determined-using the two ELISA
procedures (Wellcozyme, Wellcome Diagnostics, Dar tford
Kent England, and Du-pont assay, Singapore).
A total of 450 tuberculosis patients aged 15 years
and above were enrolled in the study. The overall HIVseroprevalence
rate was 44.4%. The highest rate was
observed in the age group 20-39 years.
A slightly higher HIV-infection rate was found in
males (46%) than in females (41%). Those divorced and
widowed patients had higher proportion of HIV seropositiVity.
The HIV positivity rate was higher for
extra-pulmonary than pulmonary form of tuberculosis (OR
= 3.80; 95% CI: 1.49, 9.7). Higher proportion of sputum
posi tive patients were HIV-posi tive compared to the
sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients (OR= 1.09;
95% CI: 0.64,1.85) though they manifested typical
radiographic features (OR = 7.87; 95% CI: 4.39, 14.21).Significant differences
positives than HIV negatives
zoster, lymphadenopathy, oral
were noted among HIV
in manifesting herpes
candidiasis, peripheral
paraesthesia and chronic diarrhoea.
An alternative diagnostic approach is required to
avoid missing HIV-related tuberculosis which is
communicable to the general population. Other findings
are discussed and recommendations made.
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Keywords
health institution based