Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of External Ocular Infections with Associated Risk Factors in Alert Center, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
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Date
2016-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: An ocular infection is public health problem in developing countries like
Ethiopia. Bacteria are major causative agents that frequently cause infections in the eyes and
possibly lead to loss of vision. Resistance of bacteria isolated from the ocular to
antimicrobial agents is a Global concern. Thus the present study will provide essential
information on the prevalence of bacterial infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of
bacterial isolate. The result of the study will help to formulate a policy for treatment and
prevention of external ocular infections.
Objectives: To assess bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of external
ocular infections with its associated risk factors in ALERT Center, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from May, 2015 to August, 2015. A total
of 288 samples were collected and inoculated on Blood agar, Chocolate agar, MacConkey
agar and Mannitol salt agar. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of
biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was performed for all isolated bacteria
according to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2014) by
disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using (SPSS) version 20.0 software.
Results: A total of 288 patients were enrolled. From the total of external ocular infections
cases, bacterial origins were isolated among 59.4% (n=171/288). The majority of the study
subjects were males 53.1% (n=153/288). Gram positive bacteria were the most dominant
isolate accounting 70.2% (n=120/171). The most frequent pathogens isolated were S. aureus
36.8% (n=63/171), followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 31.6%
(n=54/171). Most of the bacteria isolated showed high resistance to Penicillin 91.6% and
Tetracycline 70.6% while, Gentamicin 94% was the most effective antibiotic against Gram
positive and Gram negative bacteria. The overall prevalence multiple drug resistance was
93% (n=159/171) Gram positive 97.5% (n=117/120) and Gram negative 82% (n=42/51).
Most of the variables were not statistically significant except for repeated infection.
Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was high.
Most of the isolates were drug resistance for commonly used antibiotics. Gentamicin and
Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antimicrobial agents for both Gram positive and Gram
negative bacterial from external ocular infections
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Keywords
Bacterial Profiles, Antimicrobial