Prevalence, Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella Isolated from Food Items and Personnel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2004-06
Authors
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
A cross-sectional study to detennine the prevalence. distribution and antimicrobial profile of
Salmonella serotypes isolated from food items and apparently healthy supermarket butchery
workers was undertaken from September 2003 to February 2004. A lotal of 1200 food items
consisting of chicken carcass (208). pork (194). mutton (212). minced beef( 142), cottage cheese
(190). Tilapia fish meat (128) and ice cream (126) were purchased in Addis Ababa. Additionally
sixty-eight stool samples were analyzed. Chicken carcass, pork. mutton and minced beef samples
were collected from 32 randomly selected supermarkets while cottage cheese, fish and ice cream
samples were collected from open markets (3). fish shops (6) and pastry shops (i 7) in Addis
Ababa. respecti\ ely
Out of the food iterru, 7 8% were positive for Salmonella and of sixty-eight stool samples five
gave positive result (7
~%)
About 1-1% of chicken carcass, 11 .3% of pork, 108% of mutton,
8 5% of minced beef, 2 1 % of cottage cheese, 2 3% of fish and none of the ice cream yielded
Salmonella. Salmonella was recovered from samples taken from 21 of the 32 supellllarkets
considered
111
the study On the other hand one open market out of three, two fish shops out of six
and none of the 17 past))' shops gave Salmonella positive results
A total of
I~
different serotypes out of 98 Salmonella isolates were identified Salmollclla
'ewpon (418%) was the most prevalent serotype, followed by S. Braenderup
(l~
1%). S Hadar
(82%), S. Typhimurium (7.1 %). S Dublin (61 %) and S Haifa (61 %) Less commonly isolated
Salmollella serotypes included S. I"fantis , S Kentucky, S. Bovjsmorbificans , S. Anatum, S
Zanzibar, S Kottbus, S Saint paul and S I 9. 12' - Salmonella Newpon and S. Kentucky were
reponed for the first time in Ethiopia Salmonella Newpon was Isolated from all sample types
except ice cream. while S. Braenderup, S Kottbus. S. Saintpaul were detected only from chicken
carcass, pork and minced beefsamples, respectively
There \\ as a statistically significant difference in the rate of Salmonella isolation between meats
(chicken carcass. pork, mutton and minced beef) and the rest of the samples (cottage cheese. fish
and ice cream) (Pearson's X'
= 37569.
df
=
I, p-value
Xl"
= 0000)
The level of antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher for chicken carcass and pork isolates as compared to other
samples (p
~
0.003).
Assay of ant imicrobial resistance revealed that 32.7% of Sa/moil ella isolates were resistant to one
or more of the 24 antimicrobials tested. Generally resistance fo r 13 different antimicrobial drugs
was recognized The most common resistance was to streptomycin (24/32, 75%), ampicillin
(19/32, 59.4%), tetracycline (15/32, 46.9%), spectinomycin (13 /32, 40.6%) and sulfisoxazole
(13/32, 40.6%). All the three Salmonella Kentucky isolates showed resistance to at least 8
antimicrobials, which includes: ampicillin, amoxici llinlclavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, na lidic
acid. spectinomycin, st reptomycin. sulfisoxazo le and tetracycline. Out of the 12 Salmonel/a
Braenderup isolates, 10 (83 .3%) showed mult idrug resistance to ampicillin, spectinomycin,
streptomycin.
sulfisoxazole. sulfameth oxazoleltrimethoprim, amoxicilli nfclavulanic acid and
n-imethoprim Among the 8 S. Hadar isolates 7 (86.5%) showed antimicrobial resistance of which
three isolates showed resistance to streptomycin and tet racycline, two isolate showed resistance
to tetracycline and the other two for streptomycin. All the 6 S. Dublin iso lates were resistant to
carbadox ( 100 %) while one was addit ionally resistant to tetracycline. All the 6 S. Haifa strain
isolated were resistant for at least ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Up to ten different
antimicrobial resistances pattem was observed_ Antimicrobial resistance was most common
among Sa/mollelia isolated ITom chicken carcass (18/29, 62 . 1 %) followed by pork (5/22, 22 .7%).
Multiple antimicrobial drug resistance was observed in 23 Salmonel/a isolates (23 .5 %). The
detection of 7.4% Salmonella calTiers· supennarket workers shedding S. Newpon, the most
prevalent serotype, suggests possible linkage and potential source of infection.
The findings of the present study ascenain that Sa/mollel/a serotypes were widely distributed
panicularly in supennarket meat samples and significant proportion have developed resistance
for routinely prescribed antimicrobial drugs both in veterinary and public health sectors . This
poses considerable health hazards to the consumers unless prudent antimicrobial usage, adequate
heat treatment. improvement of standards of hygiene and development and enforcement of
suitable legislation. which safeguard consumers, are urgent ly instituted.
Description
Keywords
Prevalence, Salmollella. serotype. antimicrobial resistance, food items, supermarket, personnel, Addis Ababa