Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates From Wound Infections at all Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Center, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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2017-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Wound develops into an infected state when the balance between microorganismand the host shifts in favour of the micro-organism. Antimicrobial resistance occurs whenbacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to isolate etiology of wound infections anddetermine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at ALERT Center from February to May 2017.Swabs from different types of wounds was taken and processed to isolate etiologic agents byusing standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed bydisc diffusion technique as per the standard modified Kirby-Bauer method.
Results: In this study 171 bacterial isolates were recovered from 188 specimens showing anisolation rate of 86.2%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds wereStaphylococcus aureus 96 (51.1%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 26 (15.2%), Escherichiacoli 23(13.4%). Out of 162 positive samples 9(5.5%) were mixed infections. Staphylococcusaureus exhibited highest sensitivity against Clindamycin (95.8%), Gentamycin (94.8%),Chloramphenicol (92.7%), Ciprofloxacillin (89.6%) and Cotrimoxazole (84%). Gram negative isolates, E.coli, P.vulgaris, P.mirabilis, P.aeroginosa and Citrobacter showed the highestsensitivity against Amikacin (100 %). E.coli showed high resistance for Ampicilin (95.7%) andAugumentin (91.3%) where as P.vulgaris showed 100% resistance for Ampicilin and 90.9 % forTetracycline.
Conclusion: There was high prevalence of bacterial isolates in this study. S. aureus was thepredominant isolate 96 (56.1%). Most of the isolates showed high resistance to commonly usedantimicrobials. The antimicrobial profile of drugs demonstrated that the commonly prescribeddrugs against Gram positive bacteria (Penicillin, Tetracycline) and Gram-negative bacteria(Ampicillin and Tetracycline) as a single agent for empirical treatment of wound infectionswould not cover the majority of wounds infections. Antimicrobial treatment should be based on the result of culture and sensitivity.
Keyword: wound infection, bacterial isolates, drug resistance pattern.
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Keywords
Wound infection; Bacterial isolates; Drug resistance pattern