Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates From Wound Infections at all Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Center, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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Date
2017-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Wound develops into an infected state when the balance between microorganism
and the host shifts in favour of the micro-organism. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when
bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to isolate etiology of wound infections and
determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at ALERT Center from February to May 2017.
Swabs from different types of wounds was taken and processed to isolate etiologic agents by
using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by
disc diffusion technique as per the standard modified Kirby-Bauer method.
Results: In this study 171 bacterial isolates were recovered from 188 specimens showing an
isolation rate of 86.2%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were
Staphylococcus aureus 96 (51.1%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 26 (15.2%), Escherichia
coli 23(13.4%). Out of 162 positive samples 9(5.5%) were mixed infections. Staphylococcus
aureus exhibited highest sensitivity against Clindamycin (95.8%), Gentamycin (94.8%),
Chloramphenicol (92.7%), Ciprofloxacillin (89.6%) and Cotrimoxazole (84%). Gram negative
isolates, E.coli, P.vulgaris, P.mirabilis, P.aeroginosa and Citrobacter showed the highest
sensitivity against Amikacin (100 %). E.coli showed high resistance for Ampicilin (95.7%) and
Augumentin (91.3%) where as P.vulgaris showed 100% resistance for Ampicilin and 90.9 % for
Tetracycline.
Conclusion: There was high prevalence of bacterial isolates in this study. S. aureus was the
predominant isolate 96 (56.1%). Most of the isolates showed high resistance to commonly used
antimicrobials. The antimicrobial profile of drugs demonstrated that the commonly prescribed
drugs against Gram positive bacteria (Penicillin, Tetracycline) and Gram-negative bacteria
(Ampicillin and Tetracycline) as a single agent for empirical treatment of wound infections
would not cover the majority of wounds infections. Antimicrobial treatment should be based on
the result of culture and sensitivity.
Keyword: wound infection, bacterial isolates, drug resistance pattern.
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Keywords
Wound infection; Bacterial isolates; Drug resistance pattern