Assessment of Platelet Count Changes in Adult Acute Leukemia Patients Receiving Platelet Transfusions at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2025-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Many cancer patients, especially those with blood cancers like acuteLeukemia, face a serious risk of bleeding, which can lead to death. About 52% ofthese patients have bleeding complications. The extent of optimal platelet transfusionresponse is not well known, and the predictors of transfusion effectiveness remainpoorly understood. Therefore, assessing the factors influencing transfusion outcomesis essential, yet research on this remains limited.
Objective: To assess of Platelet Count Changes in Adult Acute Leukemia PatientsReceiving Platelet Transfusions at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.
Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024to May 2025 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital involving 174 adult acuteleukemia patients receiving platelet transfusions. Informed consent was obtained fromall participants. Blood samples were collected pre-transfusion, at 1 hour, and 24 hourspost-transfusion. Corrected count increment (CCI) was calculated by subtracting pretransfusionplatelet counts from post-transfusion counts, multiplying by the patient’sbody surface area (m²), and dividing by the total number of platelets transfused. Anoptimal response was defined as a CCI ≥ 7.5 × 10⁹/L at 1 hour and ≥ 4.5× 10⁹/L at 24hours. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of CCI.
Result: Of the 174 patients, the mean age was 31.45 years, and 67.2% were male.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was more common (59.2%) than acute myeloidleukemia. Overall, 81.7% and 68.6% of transfusions resulted in optimal CCI at 1 hourand 24 hours, respectively. In multivariable analysis, not taking medication wassignificantly negatively associated with achieving optimal CCI at 1 hour (AOR=0.54,P=0.022). Additionally, new infection (AOR= 0.1248, P=0.003) were negativelyassociated with optimal 1-hour CCI. An increase in the number of transfused plateletunits was significantly associated with decreased odds of achieving an optimal CCI at24 hours (AOR = 0.027, p = 0.045 as the AOR was less than 1.
Conclusion: Most patients achieved optimal CCI post-transfusion. The unit oftransfused platelets was inversely associated with optimal CCI at 24 hours. Infectionand not taking medication were inversely associated with optimal 1-hour CCI. Futurelongitudinal studies using incorporating immunological assessments arerecommended to understand predictors of optimal platelet increment change
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Platlet Count Acute Lukemia Platlet transfusion