Assessment of association between Sleep quality and Overweight/Obesity among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2019-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: - Worldwide an estimated 35.8 million (2.3%) of global Disability Adjusted Life
Years are caused by overweight and obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that the contribution of
factors such as sleep quantity and quality to obesity need to be studied in detail as sleep
disturbance could contribute to alterations in energy balance. Yet the majority of the evidence on
this topic is from wealthy nations, and remains poorly understood in developing countries
including Ethiopia.
Objective: - The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between
overweight/obesity and sleep quality among adult population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: - A community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 575 adults who were
residents of Addis Ababa. Multi stage sampling method was employed to select the study
participants. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements were
collected. A validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Global Physical Activity
Questionnaire were used to evaluate sleep quality and physical activity of study participants.
Depression was assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Qualitative Food frequency
questionnaire and eating habit questionnaire were used for dietary assessment. Sleep quality was
categorized in to poor and good based on global PSQI score. Body mass index was computed
using weight and height (Kg/m
2
). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was
employed to see association between sleep quality and other covariates with overweight/obesity.
Result: - A total of 548 adults were involved in this study and 161 (29.4%) of them were
overweight/obese. A total of 177 (32.3%) respondents had poor sleep quality. After adjusting for
multiple factors, we found that sleep quality was associated with being overweight/obese.
Specifically, the odds of being overweight/obese were 3.8 times higher among adults with poor
sleep quality [AOR 3.83: 95% CI: 2.33- 6.29] than the odds among adults with good sleep
quality.
Conclusion and recommendation
This study documented a considerable prevalence of overweight/obesity and poor sleep quality
among adults in Addis Ababa and further showed a significant association between sleep quality
and overweight/obesity. Therefore health promotion programs targeting established risk factors
for poor sleep quality are needed. In addition to this, improvements in sleep habits should be
considered as part of intervention to prevent obesity.
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Keywords
Sleep quality ,Overweight,Obesity ,adults