Factors Affecting Duration Of stay in the intensive Care Unit among Patients Who Underwent open Heart Surgery: A Multicenter retrospective Study
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Date
2025-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (OHS) surgery has become a routine strategy for treating complex cardiac problems, including coronary artery bypass, heart valve replacement, and congenital heart defect corrections. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, perioperative care, and postoperative management, the duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) following OHS remains a significant concern for healthcare providers and patients alike. Prolonged ICU stays are associated with increased healthcare costs, resource utilization, and potential complications, while also impacting patient outcomes and quality of life.
OBJECTIVE: Assess factors affecting duration of stay in the intensive care unit among patients who underwent open-heart surgery
METHODS: An institution-based Retrospective study design was conducted from March to May 2025. All adult cardiac patients who were admitted at TASH, Tazma and cardiac center Ethiopia ICU. Cardiac patients who were admitted at TASH, Tazma and cardiac center Ethiopia and undergo cardio pulmonary bypass and aged >18 years during the data collection period was included. The sample size for the study was determined by using the single population proportion formula. By taking the magnitude of ICU stay 51%. The data collection (DC) process was organized and lead by the PI and patient chart was reviewed to extract pertinent data.
RESULTS: Among 239 postoperative open-heart patients, the mean ICU length of stay range 2–18 days. Prolonged ICU stay (defined as ≥5 days) occurred in 118 patients (49.4%). In bivariate comparisons, patients with prolonged ICU stays were older and more likely to have complications: for example, acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 17.8% of the prolonged-stay group versus 5.0% of the shorter-stay group, and nosocomial infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) also occurred predominantly in the prolonged-stay group. In multivariable logistic regression, advanced age (adjusted OR ~1.08 per year, critical preoperative state and the presence of any postoperative complication independently predicted prolonged ICU stay.
CONCLUSION: This multicenter Ethiopian paper illustrates that elderly patients and those with significant perioperative complications are more likely to require considerably longer ICU management after open-heart surgery.
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Keywords
Cardiopulmonary bypass, Intensive care unit, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.