Seroepidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Neospora Caninium in Cattle of Pastoral Production System in Teltelle District of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
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Date
2021
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Neosporosis is a cosmopolitan disease that has recently emerged as a major cause of abortion in smallholder dairy farms in Ethiopia. However, the status and impact of Neosporosis in pastoral cattle production settings at large and Borana pastoral area, in particular, is uncovered. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2021 to determine the seroprevalence and to elucidate potential associated factors for N.caninium infection in cattle in the Teltelle district of Borana zone. A total of 180 blood samples were collected from randomly selected herds(n=48) were examined to detect antibodies specific to N.caninium using indirect ELISA (ID.vet Innovative diagnostics, ID Screen®, and Montpellier, France). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information about the potential risk factors of N.caninium from the owners (n=48) of sampled herds. Among the sampled animals 9 were positive on iELISA. The overall seroprevalence was 5.0% and 14.6% at animal and herd levels respectively. Animal level multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated animals with a history of abortion had significantly higher odds to be N.caninium seropositive (AOR=23, 95%CI: 2.354-188.702; P=0.006). Similarly, a significant association of prevalence was noted with the presence of open source of water (AOR=9, 95%CI: 1.599-47.568; P=0.012) and the presence of dogs (AOR=6, 95%CI: 11.213-27.222; P=0.028) respectively. At the herd level, the result of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly higher likelihood of N.caninium seroraections in the herd with the history of abortion (AOR=16; CI=1.446-175.939; P=0.024) and dystocia (AOR=7; CI=1.008- 45.071; P=0.049) respectively. Therefore, the study revealed for the first time provided evidence for N. caninium infection that was significantly associated with history abortion in a pastoral cattle production system. Further confirmatory epidemiological studies and community sensitization to achieve separation of dogs from herds, to do not feeding dogs with raw animal products and provision of hygienic water to animals is recommended.
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Keywords
Borana, Cattle, Neospora caninium, Seroepidemiology