Analysis of clinical presentation of prostatic cancer patients at TASH: Two-year retrospective cross-sectional study
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Date
2025-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is second most diagnosed cancer exceeded by lung cancer only across globe and it is fifth leading cause of cancer associated mortality. It is number one cause of cancer death in men in 48 countries which includes many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, it was the third most diagnosed cancer and eighth cause of cancer death in 2013 in both sexes. In Ethiopia, in 2019 and 2020, it was second leading cancer in incidence in males with reported new cases of 2,570 & 2,720 respectively.
OBJECTIVE: The study describes clinical presentation of prostatic cancer patients seen at outpatient department of Urology unit of TASH from 31st December,2023 to 1st January ,2025 GC.
METHODS: The study was two-year cross-sectional descriptive study on prostatic cancer patients seen at Urology unit of TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 31st December, 2023 to 1st January, 2025 GC. The questionnaires were used extract data of study population from patients’ chart by data collectors to collect the necessary information and phone call was used to get additional information from patients. Data collected with kobo toolbox, entered to spreadsheet and analysed by SPSS version 26. The findings of the study were summarized with Descriptive statistics and results presented in the form of text, table, and chart. Pearson chi-square test, Bi variable and multi variable logistic regression analysis used to explore association between different variables. Significant associations were declared at P-value <0.05 on multi variable logistic regression analysis. Results: 98.4% of the patients were symptomatic at time of diagnosis with 97.7% having LUTS and 33. 9% having metastatic symptoms. 24.4% have locally advanced cancer and 34.2% have metastatic prostate cancer. The ISUP grade group 4 and 5 account for 97% of cases, PIRADS 4 and 5 account for 67.5% of cases and mean PSA at time of diagnosis was 285ng/ml.
Conclusion: 98.4% of the patients were symptomatic at time of diagnosis. Majority of patients were diagnosed with advanced of stage prostate cancer with higher Gleason's score, higher PIRADS score and high PSA at time of diagnosis. On multimodal regression analysis, Gleason’s score has significant association with PIRADS score and digital rectal examination finding. TNM staging has significant association with residential area, educational status, presence of symptoms at presentation, PIRADS score and digital rectal examination in the study.
Work plan and budget: The study was conducted from March, 2025 GC to May, 2025GC with total budget of 47,491.4 Ethiopian birr.
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Keywords
Prostate cancer, clinical presentation, Cancer disparities, Ethiopia, Gleason score, clinical stage, advanced cancer