Brucellosis Seroprevalence ,Knowledge, Atitude and Exposure risks of Herdes’in Somalia region,Ethiopia
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Date
2022
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease caused by the genus Brucella that poses a major public and animal health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in pastoral settings where livestock and livestock products are the primary source of income. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2021 to April, 2022, to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of livestock and human brucellosis, as well as to assess herders' knowledge, attitude, and exposure risk in three selected districts of Somali region, Ethiopia. A total of 1000 blood samples were collected from goats (n=201), sheep (n= 99), camel (n= 450) and human (n=250). The serum samples were screened with Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and positive ones were further confirmed using competitive Enzyme Linked Immino Sorbent Assay (cELISA). The results showed that 45 (6.0%) and 28 (3.7%) of the animal samples tested positive for RBPT and cELISA, respectively. Samples from occupationally linked human, on the other hand, were confirmed positive 9(3.6%) by RBPT and 5(2.0%, 95% CI, 0.6-4.6) by cELISA. Goats had the highest seroprevalence (6.5%; 95% Cl, 3.5-10.8), followed by camels (2.9%; 95% Cl, 1.5-4.9)
and sheep (2.0 %, 95%CI, 0.2-7.1). Sex, herd size, and herd history of abortion, all showed a significant association with Brucella seropositivity logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, in multivariable Firths’ logistic regression analysis for human samples, factors such as, gender, presence of fever or joint pain, and involvement in disposal of aborted or retained fetal membrane (RFM) were statistically significant (P<0.05). About half of the herders had heard about the disease (48%), of whom very low proportion (17%) knew brucellosis is a zoonotic disease. Despite respondents’ poor knowledge and high involvement in risky practices, significant positive attitudes toward disease prevention were identified in this study. In conclusion, this study provides a baseline information for the implemention of feasible disease control strategy in terms of pastoral community and sociocultural status through one health approach.
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Keywords
Brucellosis, KAP, Seroprevalence, Somali region, Zoonosis