Serological Investigation of Infectious Bursal Disease in Poultry Reared under Backyard Production System In Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
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Date
2021
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to May 2021 to investigate the epidemiology of the infectious bursal disease (IBD). Multistage sampling was implemented to determine the seroprevalence and assess the risk factors of IBD in unvaccinated backyard chickens and describe the distribution of disease concerning different risk factors in the Wolaita zone. A questionnaire survey was also carried out and revealed that various factors affect the occurrence of IBD. From 482 sera samples tested for IBDV antibodies using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), 236 samples were positive for IBDV antibodies with an overall prevalence of 48.96% (95% CI: 44.52-53.41). A statistically (P< 0.05) higher seroprevalence of IBD was found in exotic breed (n = 112; 57.14%) as compared to local breed (n = 124; 43.35%). Similarly, statistically higher seroprevalence of IBD was recorded in flock sizes ≥ 5 chickens (n = 201; 59.47%) as compared to < 5 chickens (n = 35; 24.3%). Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression the odds of occurrence of IBD was 0.67 times lower in local breeds than exotic breeds and ≥ 5 chickens had 4.33 times higher seropositive than < 5 chickens. There was a statistical association (P<0.05) between the treatment history and death in the flock. This study revealed that IBD was an important and wide speared problem in poultry production. Thus, appropriate biosecurity measures, regular serosurveilance, creating awareness to the owners, and frequent outbreak investigation for selecting appropriate vaccine strain and effective vaccine design and vaccination is important for the control of the disease.
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Keywords
Chicken, IBD, IBDV, Wolaita, Risk factors, seroprevalence, Backyard, IELISA, Ethiopia