Study on Camel and Human Brucellosis in Fentale District, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
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Date
2010-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the serape valence of camel and human
brucellosis and to assess the association between risk factors and serape prevalence in Fen tale
Districts of East SllOa Zone of Oromia Regional State from September 2009 to April 2010. Multistage
sampling procedure was used. In the study 768 camel and 2S0 human sera were screened
for Briella antibodies using rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). RBPT positive sera were further
tested using complement fixation test (CFT) as per OlE recommendation. Moreover, information
on individual animal and herd-level risk factors was gathered using pre tested questionnaires.
Based on CFT results, the overall individual animal sera-prevalence was 98.6% (among RBPT
positives, 70171). The herd-level sero-prevalence was 36.S% (701\92) and the within -herd Seropositive
varied from negative animals to at least one positive reactor. The results of binary
logistic regression analysis revealed that seropositivity was higher in Dhebiti followed by Kenifa,
llaala and Saraweba; and sex ways males were more infected than females. However, no
statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.872) between sex. The res ultsal so indicated
that Seropositive and Seropositive increase with increment of age and herd size, respectively.
In addition herding experience did al so affect the status of Seropositive among the respective
categories (p<O.OS) ; but reproductive status did not significantly affect the status of
Seropositive (p>O.OS). History of abort ion, fetal membrane retention and stillbirth was found
to be significantly (p=O.OOO, p=0.004 and p=O.OOO) associated with brucellosis. Watering points
except wet season/ and culling methods of camel management and husbandry related factors
were not significantly associated with Seropositive to brucellosis s. Out of 2S0 persons (male and
female) tested IS were RBPT positives and the R.BPT positives were tested using CFT
accordingly all of them were seropositive, the positive reactor being herdsmen. There was a high
risk of acquiring the infection during removal of retained fetal membranes (p=0.000) and in those
who were both in contact with animals and drank raw milk (p=O.OOI). In conclusion the study
showed that camel and human brucellosis was prevalent in the study area and appropriate control
measures need to be introduced to alleviate the disease problem in the area.
Key words : Brucellosis, CFT, Dromedary Camel, Ethiopia, Fen tale, Human, Prevalence, Risk
factors, RBPT
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Keywords
Brucellosis, CFT, Dromedary Camel, Ethiopia, Fen tale, Human, Prevalence, Risk factors, RBPT