Customary Dispute Resolution and Peace Building in the Ethiopian Federation: The Case of Gamo
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Date
2024-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
This research examines the customary dispute resolution and peacebuilding practices of the Gamo people within the Ethiopian Federation. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing case studies, interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and document analysis to delve into the cultural norms and traditions that influence dispute-resolution processes. The findings reveal that the Gamo people employ distinct customary mechanisms structured similarly to the Ethiopian Federal System, prioritizing reconciliation over punishment and fostering peace. The Dubusha institution has been serving as a platform for reconciliation, mediation, and justice at different hierarchical levels. Seating arrangements, rituals, and symbols within Dubusha reflect the community's values of inclusivity, respect, and collective decision-making. Furthermore, the research highlights the role of Gamo fathers in conflict prevention and resolution, their recognition as "Peace Ambassadors of the Year," and their unique practices for addressing murder cases. The study also examines the flexibility of Gamo customary law, historical similarities with modern federalism, strengths in peacebuilding, and the compatibility of Gamo practices with human rights principles. Challenges such as a lack of formal documentation, limited professional training, and the need to preserve cultural traditions within the context of human rights are also identified. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding power dynamics, and social relationships and engaging younger generations in preserving Gamo customs and fostering sustainable peace through education, dialogue, and collaboration.
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Federalism, customary dispute resolution, peacebuilding, Gamo people