Migration to the Republic Of South Africa and Its Effects on Rural Households: Case Study of Two Kebeles in Gombora Woreda, Hadiya Zone, SNNPR
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Date
2011-06
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Addis Abeba university
Abstract
People, mainly YOUlhs are lIIigraling 10 Republic ofSoulh AjYica as one oflhe recenl evel1ls
in which signijical1l numbers of rural household~ are engaged 10 supporllheir Iivelihood5
in Ihe silidy area. This slUdy aimed 01 explores Ihe general background of migranls and
Iheir head of households, and 01 invesligales Ihe migralion process and ils role in
supporting Ihe exisling livelihoods 01 Ihe places of origin. Primary sources employed 10
collecl, and secondCIIY sources 10 supplellleni il; and qualilalive and qual1lilalive melhodl'
were employed 10 analyse the dala. The Ihree 1110.1'1 imporlanl variables discussed in Ihis
sludy are background, process and role of migration 10 Republic of SOIllh AjYica. YOUlhs
were exposed group 10 migrale Ihon aduils do. Precondilion aclivilies for migralion were
observed as 1001.1' 10 facililale Ihe process of migration for majorily lIIigral1l households a/
places of origin. There were push faclors fo rced people 10 migrale j i"OIl1 Iheir family
members like land shorlage, failure in educalion, loll' profil in Irade, low agricullural
produclivily, family size, unemploymenl, elc; whereas Ihe pull faclors Ihal al/racled Ihe
altel1lion of Ihe people 10 lIIigrale were mainly job opporlunily and bel/er income a/
deslinalion. Bel/er living condilions of migranl householdl' 01 origin as bOlh push and pull
fac lors of migraliol1. Challenges and lIIigralion are bOlh inseparable evenls: Iherefore,
migral1l households faced various challenges before. during and afier lIIiRralion 01 places
of origin. The olher impOrlal1l issue relaled wilh lIIigralion 11'0.1' ils bene fils. The 1110.1'1
illlpar/anl benefils gained by all migranl hausehold~ and relurnees are rem iI/once lIIainly
financial, but malerial relllillancesfor few. They were remil/ed 01 difJerenl lime intervals,
mainly all limes when necessCIIY and during fes livals Ihrough inforlllal money Iramjer
agents a/ Hosanna. Due 10 huge remil/ances, lIIoslllligranl household 's and all relurnee '.I'
living condil ions and Iivelihood5 have illlproved a/ origin, even some oflhelll were engaged
in Iramportalion services, hole Is, conslructions, magazines, eiC. These changes in
supporling Ihe livelihoods of Illig rani householdl' and relurnees 01 origin, lIIigralion viewed
posilively for lIIony, bliinegalively for fe ll'. In general, migra/ionlo Ihe RSA is an econolllic
need in naillre, nOlo mere livelihoodl' slralegy, bUI pursued by large nUlllber 0.( people 11'170
have same amounl of lIIoney 01 origin, and socialnelworks bOlh 01 origin and destination,
mainly aimed a/ suppor/s Ihe exisling livelihoods of Ihe hOllsehold5, illlproves Ihe life slyles
and living condilians. slarls olher businesses, Iral/.\jorllls economic and social slmcllIres a/
places of origin
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Keywords
Rural Households