Women with Unmet Need for Contraception and their Reasons for not Using a Method in Oromiya Region, Bale Zone, Goba Woreda
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Date
2009
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Context: Sub Saharan African countries lag behind the rematmng of world in
contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR). The level of unmetJor family planning is also highest
for the region. Being part of the region. Ethiopia is not an exception to this situation. It is
evident that unmet need for family planning has many undesirable consequences. Among
other things. maternal morbidity and mortality. unwanted pregnancy which could end up
with unsafe abortion. and infant mortality are the most noted consequences of unmet
need. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify the socioeconomic. demographic and
family planning program related causes of unmet need among currently married women of
reproductive age in Oromiya region. Bale zone. Goba Woreda. Moreover. the study was
aimed at assessing reasons for current and future non use of contraceptive methods
among women with unmet need.
Method: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed to achieve the
stated objectives. Multi-stage stratified sampling and systematic random sampling were
used to select tile 827 women for interview. To analyze the data both bivariate and
multivariate techniques of data analysis were applied. Chi square test was employed to
see association between each predictive and outcome variable. Logistic regreSSion is also
fit to identify determinants of unmet need for contraception using Statistical Package for
Social Scientists (SPSS Ver.15). Qualitative data were also generated using FGD and
personal interview with health worker to supplement and further interpret the results of
the quantitative data.
Results: The results indicate that majority of the respondents were rural residents
(55.3%). orthodox Christians (47%) with no formal education (58.5%). and only one third
(33.1%) of them currently working. Oromo is the single most dominant (69.9%) ethnic group
among the women. Substantial proportions (22.9%) of women were also found in the age
group 25-29 years. In terms of their dedared reproductive status the fecund. pregnant.
amenorrheic and menopausal/in fecund constitute for 46.7%. 9.6%. 25.4% and 18.4%
respectively. Knowledge about family planning is found to be very high (92%) among
respondents. More interestingly. 50.5% of the respondents know four and over methods of
family planning. With regard to spousal communication. half (49.5%) of the study subjects
never discussed family planning with their husbands. Moreover. four fifth (79.1 %) and
greater than three fifth (63.1%) of the respondents never discussed with health extension
workers and never visited a healthfacility respectively.
The level of unmet need for contraception in the study area (i,e.32.5%) is almost doser tn
the national average (34%). Unmet need for spacing (17.3%) is slightly greater than unmet
need for limiting 115.2%). As it is evidenced elsewhere the level of unmet need is higher
among rural women than their urban counterparts (42.5% versus 20.3% respectively). The
logistic regression model depicts. among other variables. number of living children. spousal
communication. visit of a health facility. discussion with health extension workers. age
and ethnicity are determinants of unmet need.
Conclusion: Number of living children that women have increases the Weelmood of unmet
need among women. Conversely. discussion with health extension workers and
husbands. increasing age of women. and women's visit of health facility where family
planning is integrated in to MCH reduce the chance of having unmet need among women.
Finally. the study recommends that women in their lower reproductive age should be given
top priority. Moreover. MCH program should be expanded to areas where it is absent and
family planning programmers should exert due effort to encourage males to discuss with
their wives about FP and take part in contraceptive use.
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Keywords
Contraception and their Reasons