The Prevalence and Anti-Microbial Susceptibility Patterns of MRSA among Patients Suspected for Hospital Acquired Infections in Admitted Patients and Associated Risk Factors in TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital,Addis Ababa.
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Date
2019-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause communityacquired and hospital acquired infections. Development of antimicrobial resistance has limitedtreatment options against infections due to this pathogen.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus amongpatients suspected for HAI and associated risk factors in admitted patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019 todetermine the prevalence of Meticillin ResistanceStaphylococcus aureus and associated riskfactors Among Admitted Patients at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Samples were cultured for S. aureus isolations according to (CLSI 2018). Isolates were tested forsusceptibility to panels of 14 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion assay. Susceptibility tomethicillin was phenotypically determined based on sensitivity of isolates to cefoxitin oroxacillin.
Result: Out of 413 patients, a total of 160(38.7%) Coagulase positive S. aureus and 59(14.3%)Coagulase negative isolates were recovered from patients involved in the study. Out of 160isolates, 57 were MRSA. All 57 isolates of MRSA are 100% resistance to Cefoxitin, penicillin,augumentin,Carbapenems and Cephalosporins. And 28.1%(16) resistant toClindamycin,80.7%%(46) to Ciprofloxacin,91.2%(52) to Gentamycin, 61.4%(35) toErythromycin, and 65%(37) Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole respectively. Majority of thecoagulase positive isolates exhibited (n=160, 38.7%) multi drug resistance. The overall burdenof MRSA among the admitted patients were 57/413(13.8%). The prevalence of MRSA amongthe isolates in males and females’ patients are 35(61.4%) and 22(38.6%) respectively. Durationof hospital admission length was not statistically significant in the acquisitions of MRSA in Chisquaretest (where P value<0.05) and the mean staying length in the hospital was approximately6 days.
Conclusion: S. aureus isolates from patients in TikurAnbessa specialized hospital exhibitedresistance to antibiotics most commonly used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.Hence, there is an urgent need to strengthen infection prevention and control in the wards.
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MRSA, ICUs, Surgical site infections, nosocomial infection and Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.