The Prevalence and Anti-microbial susceptibility patterns of MRSA among patients suspected for Hospital acquired infections in admitted patients and associated risk factors in TikurAnbessa specialized hospital,Addis Ababa.

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Date

2019-06

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Addis Ababa University

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause community acquired and hospital acquired infections. Development of antimicrobial resistance has limited treatment options against infections due to this pathogen. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus among patients suspected for HAI and associated risk factors in admitted patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019 to determine the prevalence of Meticillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus and associated risk factors Among Admitted Patients at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Samples were cultured for S. aureus isolations according to (CLSI 2018). Isolates were tested for susceptibility to panels of 14 antimicrobial agents using disc diffusion assay. Susceptibility to methicillin was phenotypically determined based on sensitivity of isolates to cefoxitin or oxacillin. Result: Out of 413 patients, a total of 160(38.7%) Coagulase positive S. aureus and 59(14.3%) Coagulase negative isolates were recovered from patients involved in the study. Out of 160 isolates, 57 were MRSA. All 57 isolates of MRSA are 100% resistance to Cefoxitin, penicillin, augumentin,Carbapenems and Cephalosporins. And 28.1%(16) resistant to Clindamycin,80.7%%(46) to Ciprofloxacin,91.2%(52) to Gentamycin, 61.4%(35) to Erythromycin, and 65%(37) Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole respectively. Majority of the coagulase positive isolates exhibited (n=160, 38.7%) multi drug resistance. The overall burden of MRSA among the admitted patients were 57/413(13.8%). The prevalence of MRSA among the isolates in males and females’ patients are 35(61.4%) and 22(38.6%) respectively. Duration of hospital admission length was not statistically significant in the acquisitions of MRSA in Chisquare test (where P value<0.05) and the mean staying length in the hospital was approximately 6 days. Conclusion: S. aureus isolates from patients in TikurAnbessa specialized hospital exhibited resistance to antibiotics most commonly used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Hence, there is an urgent need to strengthen infection prevention and control in the wards.

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MRSA, ICUs, Surgical site infections, nosocomial infection and Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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