Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern among cancer patients who are takingChemotherapy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
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Date
2022-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background:Bacterial infection is one of the most common complications among cancerpatients. Bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance remains a major cause of life-threatening complications in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy.This study wasused toassess the epidemiology of bacteria in cancer patients who are taking chemotherapy inTikurAnbessa Specializedhospital, emphasizing antibiotic resistanceof theisolated organism.
Objective: To assess bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern among cancer patientsactive on chemotherapy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 197 cancer patients active on chemotherapy participatedfrom February toMay,2021 at Tikur Anbessa specializedHospital in Addis Ababa.Bloodandurine from each participantwas taken. Using a convenient sampling technique, a total of 197blood cultures and 197 urine cultures were performed. Early morning midstream urine (MSU)specimens were collected using lick-proof re-usable sterile plastic containers. All blood andurine samples were cultured and bacterial isolates were identified by their colony morphology,gram staining reaction, and biochemical tests. Drug susceptibility testing was done using theKirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Data analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0
Result:Out of 197 blood cultures, 30/197(15.23%) were positive, and from the total 197 urinecultures, 29/197(14.72%) isolates were positive. Gram-negative bacteria 42/59(71.19%) were thepredominant pathogens.CoNS7(23.33%) andS. aureus6(20%) were the most dominantbloodstream bacteria.E.coli9(31.03%) was the predominantly isolated bacteriuria. Resistancefor three classes of antibiotics was detected, 4/8(50%) ofmultidrug resistanceCoNS, 5/8(62.5%)of Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, 3/14(21.43%) of MDREscherichia coli,2/11(18.18%) MDRKlebsiella pneumoniae, 1/3(33.33%) MDRK.oxytocaand 1/1(100%)MDREnterobacter aerogenesisolated.
Conclusion:Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed an increasing level ofresistance for most of the antibiotics usedempirical therapy is alarming.Routine determinationof the microbial and drug resistance spectrum of pathogens should be an essential componentespecially cancer patients active on chemotherapy infection control and care in our setting.
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Bacterial pathogen,Septicemia, UTI, Antimicrobial resistance, Oncology patients