Isolation And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Salmonella Species and Owners Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Antimicrobial Resistance in Selected Poultry Farms of Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Date
2022
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Salmonellosis in poultry cause mortality and high morbidity with economic consequences and has become public health concern as cause of food borne disease and due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The global deaths speculated from antimicrobial resistance threat is estimated to be over 300 million per year unless significant steps are taken by 2050. Little is known of contributing factors in poultry sector for the threat in Central Ethiopia. A cross sectional study carried out from December 2021 to May 2022 to investigate the distribution of Salmonella isolates, antimicrobial resistance using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assay in twelve intensive layer and broiler poultry farms of Bishoftu town. Also surveyed 72 poultry farm owner‘s knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards AMR development and risks to public health in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia. A total of 214 samples collected in Bishoftu town; 191 cloaca swabs and 23 environmental samples (litter and drinking water) were processed for bacteriological isolation. Salmonella found in twelve farms (n=42), 19.6%
(95% CI= 0.14-0.25) of which 90% were from the cloaca swabs. Out of 42 isolates, 30 were processed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and (n=29) 13.5% were detected for Salmonella and of that (n=16) 53.3% were detected for Salmonella Typhimurium. Antimicrobial resistance test was done on nine isolates detected and all were resistant to at least five antimicrobials, indicating a multidrug resistance (MDR). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, production type and age of the chicken were significantly associated with Salmonella positives (P<0.05). With regard to KAP of farm owners on AMR, the cumulative average score was less than 50% in both Addis Ababa and Bishoftu; despite 70% owners had high school plus background. Association of farm owner‘s knowledge and attitude with education levels and farming experience years were significant except, practices were only significantly associated in production types. The biosecurity status found good in 47.2% of poultry farms visited. In conclusion, the predominance occurrence of Salmonella Typhimurium, detection of MDR isolates in poultry farms and identified poor knowledge of the owners about AMR and potential risk to public health in this study, suggests the need for designing feasible Salmonellosis control strategies and in-depth detection of MDR genes. Furthermore, recommended improving awareness of poultry farm owners on AMR and investigations of other contributing factors to AMR development in the poultry sector
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Addis Ababa; Poultry farm owners; Salmonella, Antimicrobial Resistance, Bishoftu, Knowledge