A Study on the Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Feedlot and Dairy Farms in and Adound Adama,East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
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Date
2009-06
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Debre Zeit
Abstract
A cross sectional study to assess BVDV prevalence and determine the risk factors and to
compare the ELISA diagnostic results of milk and serum values in 40 feedlot and 60 dairy farms
was carried out in Adama area, East Shoa Zone. Herds were visited to ascertain information on
the management system, possibility of contact with other species of domestic animals,
introduction of new animal into the herd and to collect serum samples from feedlot and matched
milk and serum samples from dairy herds. Commercial indirect ELISA-kit for the detection of
specific antibodies to BVDV was used. According to this study, the apparent individual and herd
seroprevalence of BVDV was 3S.9 % and 70.9 %, respectively. The individual and herd
seropositivity difference among the two production systems was not significant (p>O.OS). There
was a significant difference; however, in the prevalence of the different age groups (p<O.OS) of
the studied animals. Management was found to significantly (p>O.OS) affect the antibody
prevalence where 88.9% of the extensive and 7S.S % of the semi intensive herds had at least one
seroreactor. Although a significant difference (p<O.OS) in herd positivity was observed with
respect to herd size, introduction of new animal to the herd and contact with other species of
animals in the univariate analysis, only herd size (p<0.01) was found to significantly affect herd
. positivity in the multivariate analysis. The overall individual milk prevalence was 17.1%. The
reliability of using individual milk ELISA results as a diagnostic tool for BVDV prevalence was
evaluated. The correlation between milk and serum ELISA was moderate (r=0.473, p=O.OOO) and
the test agreement between milk ELISA and serum ELISA also indicated a moderate level of
agreement (kappa=0.409, p=O.OOO). In conclusion, exposure to BVDV was widely distributed in
feedlot and dairy farms in and around Adama. , the overall situation of BVDV and its economic
impact in Ethiopia should be well studied and documented. Further studies on the identification
of Persistently Infected (PI) animals and validation of milk ELISA tests were recommended.
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Keywords
BVDV, Dairy, ELISA, Feedlot, Milk, Prevalence, Serum