Micropropagation of Selected Cassava Varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from Meristem Culture
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Date
2009-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) is a perennial woody herb
which has been mainly cultivated in different parts of Africa, Asia
and Latin America for its edible starchy roots. Due to high seed
dormancy and very slow germination rate farmers normally practice
propagation of cassava by stem cuttings which has led to
accumulation of viral and bacterial diseases that reduce productivity
and may cause loss of superior genotypes. The objective of this
study was to establish a protocol for in vitro micropropagation of
selected cassava varieties (‘Qulle’ and ‘Kello’). For this experiment
solid MS medium supplemented with different BAP, GA3 and NAA
combinations has been used to initiate the growth of meristems and
shoot induction. All the meristems were responded to a medium with
5 mg/l BAP in combination with 1 mg/l GA3 and 0.01 mg/l NAA,
but shoots from this treatment were bushy with abnormal phenotypic
appearance. This might be due to supra-optimal amount of BAP.
Morphologically normal appearance of shoots was observed in the
growth initiation medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l GA3 and 0.01
mg/l NAA. Among different treatments used for multiplication
purpose, 0.5 mg/l BAP in combination with 1 mg/l GA3 and 0.01
mg/l NAA was found to be the best; in this treatment a maximum of
27 shoots for ‘Qulle’ and 21 shoots for ‘Kello’ was obtained. In
rooting experiment half and full strength MS media did not show
statistical difference. Root induction potential of the two varieties
increased with the increment of IBA concentration up to 1 mg/l. Of
those shoots which were acclimatized in the greenhouse, 89.1% of
‘Qulle’ and 75% of ‘Kello’ survived.
Key words/phrases: Cassava, Manihot esculenta, meristem, tissue culture
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Keywords
Cassava,, Manihot esculenta, meristem, tissue culture