Bacterial Etiology of Bloodstream Infections, Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance and Extended Beta Lactamase Production among Patients Referred to Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory.
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Date
2019
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background:Bloodstream infection is one of the most important causes of morbidityand mortalityglobally. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci ,Streptococcus pneumonia aremajor Gram- positive bacteria in causing blood stream infectionEscherichiacoli,Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterbaumannii are major Gramnegativebacteria in causing blood stream infections. Development of multidrug resistance inmajor bacteria has increased the morbidity and mortality rate of blood stream infection.
Objective: To assess the distribution of bacteria implicated in causing blood stream infections andprevalence of their multidrug resistance profile and Extended spectrum betalactamase production.
Method: The present study was a laboratory based cross-sectional study conducted atArsho Advanced Medical laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to April 2019; Atotal of 422 blood samples was collected and inoculated on to primary isolation culture followingstandards protocols. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteriawere determined by automated Vitek2 compact system (bio Merieux, France) using AST, GN72card for gram negatives and AST,GP71 card for gram positive bacteria.
Result :Out of a total of 422 samples processed, bacterial pathogens were isolated from89(21.1%) samples. Among the isolates, 52 were Gram- positive and 37 were Gram negativeBacteria Coagulasenegative staphylococci and Klebsiellaspp were the dominant isolates.Penicillin (92.3%) was the least effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria whilecephalotin (91.1%) and cephazolin (89.2%) were the least effective antibiotic against Gramnegativebacteria. Linzolid and Tigcyclne(98.1%) were the most effective antibiotic against Grampositive and piperacillin(86.1%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negativebacteria, Out of 52 isolate of Gram-positive bacteria 30(57.7%) were MDR and out of 37 isolatesof gram negative bacteria 20(54%) were MDR.
Conclusion:The magnitude of blood stream bacterial infection and the prevalence rate of multid rugresistant bacterial strains causing blood stream infections were high. These findingswarranted the need for continuous investigations bacterial blood stream infection.
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Keywords
Bacterial etiology ,multidrug resistance , extended beta lactamase production,bloodstream infections,