Bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections, prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended beta lactamase production among patients referred to Arsho advanced medical laboratory.
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Date
2019
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background:Bloodstream infection is one of the most important causes of morbidityand mortality
globally. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci ,Streptococcus pneumonia are
major Gram- positive bacteria in causing blood stream infectionEscherichia
coli,Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterbaumannii are major Gramnegative
bacteria in causing blood stream infections. Development of multidrug resistance in
major bacteria has increased the morbidity and mortality rate of blood stream infection.
Objective: To assess the distribution of bacteria implicated in causing blood stream infections and
prevalence of their multidrug resistance profile and Extended spectrum betalactamase production.
Method: The present study was a laboratory based cross-sectional study conducted at
Arsho Advanced Medical laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to April 2019; A
total of 422 blood samples was collected and inoculated on to primary isolation culture following
standards protocols. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria
were determined by automated Vitek2 compact system (bio Merieux, France) using AST, GN72
card for gram negatives and AST,GP71 card for gram positive bacteria.
Result :Out of a total of 422 samples processed, bacterial pathogens were isolated from
89(21.1%) samples. Among the isolates, 52 were Gram- positive and 37 were Gram negative
bacteria.Coagulasenegative staphylococci and Klebsiellaspp were the dominant isolates.
Penicillin (92.3%) was the least effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria while
cephalotin (91.1%) and cephazolin (89.2%) were the least effective antibiotic against Gramnegative
bacteria. Linzolid and Tigcyclne(98.1%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram
positive and piperacillin(86.1%) were the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative
bacteria, Out of 52 isolate of Gram-positive bacteria 30(57.7%) were MDR and out of 37 isolates
of gram negative bacteria 20(54%) were MDR.
Conclusion:The magnitude of blood stream bacterial infection and the prevalence rate of multidrug
resistant bacterial strains causing blood stream infections were high. These findings
warranted the need for continuous investigations bacterial blood stream infection.
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Keywords
Bacterial etiology ,multidrug resistance , extended beta lactamase production,bloodstream infections,