Bacterial profiles and drug resistance patterns of bacteria recovered from blood samples of Hospital admitted patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: One of the leading causes of illness and mortality worldwide, bloodstream
infections are frequently acquired in hospitals. As a result of the circulatory system's rapid spread
of microorganisms and their toxins, it is a serious, perhaps fatal illness that gets worse with time.
Objective: To determine bacterial isolates and drug resistance patterns of bacteria recovered
from blood samples of hospital-admitted patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and December 2022
among hospitalized patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia,
who were suspected of having septicemia. To isolate the bacteria, blood samples were taken.
Bacterial culture was conducted following standard microbiological procedures. Agar diffusion
was used to isolate bacteria, and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to determine
drug susceptibility patterns on Muller Hinton agar. Data input and processing were conducted
using version 26 of the Statistical Package for Social Science.
Results: The study included 218 paired samples in total, and 66 (30.3%) of the blood samples
contained positive bacterial growth. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates were
found in 62.2% and 37.8%, respectively, of positive blood culture findings. Staphylococcus
aureus (34.8%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (15.2%) were the two most commonly
encountered gram-positive bacteria. Among gram-negative bacteria, the majority were
Escherichia coli (15.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.6%). E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
were resistant to most antibiotics, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was identified as being
responsive to oxacillin (78.1%) and resistant to penicillin (73.9%).
Conclusion and Recommendation: This study identified a higher number of positive bacterial
growths and resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin found for most bacteria. Therefore, there
is a need to perform blood cultures and sensitivity tests before empirical treatment and also
implementation of infection prevention should be strengthened.
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Keywords
bacteremia, septicemia, drug resistance, blood culture, Tikur Anbessa.