Prevalence of Anemia and its Associated Factor Among Adult Patients at Selected Public Hospital Somali, Eastern Ethiopia, 2023.
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Date
2023
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Anemia is a decrease in the hemoglobin, hematocrit, or red blood cells, or their capacity to carry oxygen becomes insufficient to meet physiological needs - remains an intimidating global public health issue affecting over two billion individuals globally. People with anemia have an increased risk of developing several serious life-threatening health
problems and complications those increasing medical care costs and lowering the quality of life. These problems are common, especially in developing countries, like Ethiopia. It affected over 2 billion individuals globally, and 61.5 million people live with a disability as a result of anemia. On the other hand, there is limited evidence about anemia among adults in the study area.
Objective: to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among adult patients attending selected public Hospitals in the Somali region, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution-based Cross-Sectional study was conducted among 408 randomly selected adult patients from December 30 to January 25, 2023, at the selected public hospital in the Somali region, Ethiopia. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and laboratory tests for hemoglobin levels.
Data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Descriptive,bivariable, and multivariable analysis was applied.
Results: The prevalence of anemia was 19.1% with 95% CI (15.4, 22.6). Fruit consumption of fewer than three servings per day (AOR=2.893, 95% CI: 1.1517-7.274), and having a history of malaria (AOR=3.701, 95% CI:1.7371-7.886) and leishmaniasis (AOR=2.296, 95%CI1.149, 4.568) were the main predictors of anemia.
Conclusion and Recommended: This prevalence of anemia showed a mild health problemamong adult patients. Malaria, leishmaniasis, and consumption of fruits were found to be independent predictors of anemia. Preventing or minimizing exposure to malaria andleishmaniasis, and increasing the consumption of fruits can significantly reduce the rate ofanemia among adult patients. Further study is also needed with different study designs to
identify the cause-and-effect relationship between anemia and the identified factors.