Assessment of Mortality Pattern Among Patients Admitted to Medical Icu in Tash During the Last Five Years (sEP2009-aUG2014), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2015-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Critically ill patients are usually treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) where the hospital
highest mortality rates occur. Even though, few studies which had been conducted on specific single
diseases indicated that the magnitude and causes of ICU mortality in developed and rarely in developing
countries, information on medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) mortality pattern is essentially nonexistent
in Ethiopia as in the rest of the world.
Objective: The objective of this study is assessment of mortality pattern among patients admitted to
medical ICU of TASH during the last five years (Sep2009-Aug2014), A.A, Ethiopia.
Methodology: A retrospective chart review study was conducted from December 2014 to May 2015 in
medical intensive care unit (MICU) of TASH, A.A, Ethiopia. An appropriate structured checklist was
utilized for data collection.
Results: Four hundred thirty six death charts were reviewed by using pretested structured check list.
From these 223(51.1%) were males and 213(49.1%) were females. The overall mortality /magnitude of
medical ICU death/ was 29%. Stroke is the leading cause of MICU death accounting for 15.8% followed
by CHF (13.8%), AMI (8%), severe pneumonia (6.9%), HIV/AIDS (6.4%), sepsis (4.6%), shock (4.4%).
Majority of deceased patients had deranged vital signs and changed mental states at MICU admission,
i.e. 97.5%, 95.4% , 86.2% , 84.9% , 70% , 53.4% had deranged pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood
pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation and body temperature respectively and 44.3% and
43.3% were comates and confused mental states respectively. The leading complication/immediate
cause of death/ was respiratory failure accounting (32.8%) followed by shock (23.9%), multi organ
failure (22%), cardiovascular failure (16.1%), cardiopulmonary arrest (3%) and central nervous system
failure (0.9%).
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The overall medical ICU mortality remains high, non-communicable diseases are posing significant
health problems in terms of mortality and among all non-communicable diseases, stroke and cardiac
diseases were the most important health problems in terms of MICU mortality. Set up and strengthen
national non-communicable diseases control program. Programs promoting public awareness and life
style changes to prevent non-communicable diseases need to be promoted. Further studies should be
conducted
on
admission
and
outcomes
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of
patients
in
medical
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Keywords
Medical icu